NCE and CPCE Study Guide Question and answers 2023

NCE and CPCE Study Guide Question and answers 2023What does CACREP stand for? the Council for the Accreditation and Counseling Related Educational Programs What does CCE stand for? Center for Credentialing and Education, inc What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis. Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!) Describe Erik Erikson's stages. Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple of Freud. His 8 stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial. Each stage has a crisis that must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v. Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs. Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland Isn't.) define psychometric. pertaining to mental testing and measurement define psychodiagnostic the study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category. define psychopharmacology the study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions. What is the id? the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused. What is the ego? this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check. What is the superego? the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in the Freudian theory. Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? Behaviorists. They focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher in HS called it the O.O.B. tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!) Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire lifespan? Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each stage has a crisis or turning point. What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? Career theory Milton H. Erickson is associated with... Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis. What field is Jean Piaget associated with? Cognitive Child Development Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? Haley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson. Arnold Lazarus He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy. William Perry He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.) Ed Neukrug Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualistic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed Neukrug.) Robert Kegan Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development- people construct reality throughout the lifespan. What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? Sensorimotor; Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced at varying ages. What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? He spent too much time observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population. Who formulated the very first intelligence test? Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la! What is a t test? Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two normally distributed groups. Define Conservation. A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it changes shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not mastered this concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete Operational stage 7-11 years) Symbolic Schema A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel") This occurs in the Preoperational Stage. David Elkind's research supports what Piagetian concept? Elkind's statistical research supports Piaget's principle of conservation, with mass being the first and most easily understood concept for children, followed by weight and volume respectively. Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of what type of development? Moral development. Define Epigenetic Epigenetic is the biological term borrowed from embryology. Each stage emerges from the one before it. It is systematic and follows a specific order. Who is the father of American Behaviorism? John B. Watson. He coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912. define Reversability. the notion that one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape. Lev Vygotsky disagreed with Piaget's theory on what point(s)? He did not think that developmental stages take place naturally, rather the stages unfold due to educational intervention. What theorists are considered to have epigenetic theories? Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow.