Wcu Patho 370 Midterm Study Questions Set 5/5 (Solved)

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus? - Answer- Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including - Answer- deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain Tophi are - Answer- deposits of urate crystals in tissues Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to - Answer- remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm? - Answer- Ventricular escape rhythm It is true that Graves disease is - Answer- associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is - Answer- neurogenic bladder When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is - Answer- "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated." The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment? - Answer- The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately. Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is - Answer- development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of - Answer- estrogen deficiency The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is - Answer- pain control Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called - Answer- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) _________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord. - Answer- Meningocele Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing - Answer- acute tubular necrosis Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt - Answer- within the same dermatome Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of - Answer- Parkinson disease Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by - Answer- accumulation of alveolar exudates The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature. - Answer- steady and boring A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term 'prerenal,' the nurse responds - Answer- "Your husband's kidney injury did not start in the kidney itself, but rather in the blood flow to the kidney." In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? - Answer- Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability? - Answer- Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because - Answer- albumin is excreted in the urine ________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. - Answer- Obesity A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is - Answer- positive antinuclear antibodies A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is - Answer- functional The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is - Answer- cholecystectomy The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves - Answer- immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of - Answer- acute respiratory distress syndrome A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of - Answer- hypoparathyroidism Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following? - Answer- It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread. The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will - Answer- decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of - Answer- metabolic acid deficit Cryptorchidism is - Answer- associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer Total body water in older adults is - Answer- decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? - Answer- Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because - Answer- demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms After evaluation, a child's asthma is characterized as "extrinsic." This means that the asthma is - Answer- associated with specific allergic triggers Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of - Answer- hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include - Answer- confusion