PATHO370 - WCU - Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Questions with correct Answers

Which statement is true?: Women have a lower hemoglobin level than men. Men have a lower creatinine level than women. Men have a higher calcium level than women. Women snore more than men. - Answer- Women have a lower hemoglobin level than men. Hematopoiesis is a process that includes which of the following (select all that apply): Oxyhemoglobin dissociation Mitotic division Reticulocytosis Chloride shift Maturation - Answer- Mitotic division Chloride shift Which is a transport form for CO2 in the blood? (Select all that apply): Dissolved gas As a bicarbonate ion Between bivalent molecules Attached to erythropoietin Association with hemoglobin (Hgb) - Answer- Dissolved gas As a bicarbonate ion Association with hemoglobin (Hgb) What is the name for the arrangement in which separate cells of the myocardium can function together? - Answer- Syncytium What gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? - Answer- bcr-abl Which drug is a protease inhibitor? (Select all that apply): Lamivudine (Epivir) Nelfinavir (Viracept) Atazanavir (Reyatax) Zidovudine (Retrovir) Fosamprenavir (Lexiva) - Answer- Nelfinavir (Viracept) Atazanavir (Reyatax) Fosamprenavir (Lexiva) Which is associated with early increased intracranial pressure? - Answer- Headache Which wave corresponds with the AV valve bulging during ventricular contraction? - Answer- C Wave Viruses injure cells differently than other causes of cellular injury because they - Answer- Are incorporated into the cell, where it uses the cell's RNA or DNA for self-replication Cholecystitis is caused by - Answer- Inflammatory reactions Which serum enzyme is the most specific for diagnosing acute pancreatitis? - Answer- Lipase Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in shock causes - Answer- Fluid retention When viewed on x-ray, the bone has a linear fracture that occurs in a straight line across the bone. Which term best describes this type of fracture? - Answer- Transverse Which condition constitutes an emergency situation? Phimosis Hydrocele Epididymitis Testicular torsion - Answer- Testicular torsion What clinical finding suggests a diagnosis of nephritic syndrome? (Select all that apply.) Hypercoagulability Hypoalbuminemia Hypoproteinemia Hyperlipidemia Proteinuria Edema - Answer- Hypercoagulability Hypoalbuminemia Hypoproteinemia Hyperlipidemia Edema Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? - Answer- Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. -CML is caused by malignant granulocytes. -CML occurs occasionally in children and adolescents. -CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the United States. The average age of onset is between 40 and 50 years. The vasoactive mediators released in septic shock contribute to increase - Answer- Vascular permeability Which is a classification of emphysema? (Select all that apply.) Centriacinar Parenchyma Panacinar Paraseptal Bullae - Answer- Centriacinar Panacinar Paraseptal Three major classifications of emphysema exist including centriacinar (also called centrilobular), which is associated with both smoking and chronic bronchitis and destroys the respiratory bronchioles; panacinar (also called panlobular), which destroys the alveoli; and paraseptal, which affects the peripheral lobules. Parenchyma is a type of lung tissue. Emphysema can result in the presence of blebs or bullae in the lungs. Which finding is consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome? - Answer- Patients often experience paresthesia or dysesthesia. Tubercular bacilli are transmitted by contract with infected - Answer- Airborne droplets Abnormal fluid accumulations in the pleural space affect the lung function by causing which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Dyspnea Dry cough Pleuritic pain Expiratory grunting Localized diminished breath sounds - Answer- Dyspnea Dry cough Pleuritic pain Localized diminished breath sounds Pleural effusion causes dyspnea, dry cough, pleuritic pain, and diminished breath sounds over effusion. Grunting on expiration is not associated with pleural effusion. Elevated glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus greatly influence fluid balance and hydration because - Answer- Fluids are lost as the kidneys clear excessive glucose during hyperglycemia Which statement is true regarding epinephrine? - Answer- It results in increased cardiac output A contributing factor to the formation of an embolus includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A chronic blood disorder like anemia Dislodged fat after long-bone surgery Air bolus introduced by IV therapy Foreign object in the blood stream An infected blood vessel - Answer- Dislodged fat after long-bone surgery Air bolus introduced by IV therapy Foreign object in the blood stream An infected blood vessel Which statement characterizes the nature and capabilities of the liver? (Select all that apply.) The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats. Blood detoxification is a function of the liver. Liver function is seriously impaired with even minimal damage. Liver function can be sustained artificially during hepatic failure. The liver is vulnerable to illness, but has considerable repair abilities. - Answer- The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats. Blood detoxification is a function of the liver. The liver is vulnerable to illness, but has considerable repair abilities. The functions of the liver are multiple and include metabolism of fats, proteins, and glucose and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances. Although vulnerable to variety of metabolic, circulatory, toxic, microbial, and neoplastic insults, the liver has a high degree of reserve and the ability to repair itself if circulation remains intact. More than 80% of the liver may be destroyed before life is threatened. Artificial liver function is not yet perfected. A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient - Answer- is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic. Contraction of vascular smooth muscle (referred to as vasomotor tone) is mostly accomplished via the extrinsic mechanism of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in which receptor response? - Answer- α-1 Because arteries have the most smooth muscle, they are most affected by central nervous system stimulation. The release of norepinephrine (the postganglionic neurotransmitter) results in arterial vasoconstriction via the α-1 receptors located on the vascular smooth muscle walls Although β-2 receptors on smooth muscles are affected, they only increase nutrient and oxygen supplies to skeletal muscles via vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, during times of stress. β-1 and α-2 receptor responses are not involved in this scenario. Which gene has been identified as specifically contributing to some types of breast cancer? - Answer- BRCA1 Which statement is true regarding scoliosis? (Select all that apply.) Cardiac abnormalities may result. Respiratory difficulties may result. Treatment always involves surgery. Gastrointestinal difficulties may result. Untreated scoliosis improves with age. - Answer- Respiratory difficulties may result. Gastrointestinal difficulties may result. Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis? - Answer- Smoking The process of converting painful stimuli into neuronal action potentials at the sensory receptor is termed - Answer- Transduction