WCU PATHO 370 - CHAPTER 1 Questions and Answers

Etiology - Answer- Cause of disease. Study of causes or reasons for phenomena, identifies casual factors acting in concert that provoke a particular disease or injury. Idiopathic - Answer- Cause is unknown. Iatrogenic - Answer- Cause results from medical treatment. Risk factor - Answer- A factor that when present, increases the likelihood of disease. Pathogenesis - Answer- Development or evolution of disease, from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of manifestations of disease. Symptoms - Answer- Subjective feeling or abnormality of the body (can NOT see or palpate). Example: pain. Signs - Answer- Objective or observed manifestation of disease (CAN see). Syndrome - Answer- A set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to delineate a disease and occur together. Latent period - Answer- Time between exposure and first appearance of signs/symptoms; latent period also refers to period during illness when signs/symptoms become mild or silent. Prodromal period - Answer- Time during first signs/symptoms appear or onset of disease occurs. Subclinical stage - Answer- Patient functions normally, disease processes are well established Acute clinical course - Answer- Short-lived, may have severe manifestation Chronic clinical course - Answer- May last months or years, sometimes following acute Illness - Answer- Symptomatic and debilitating stage of a disease. Remission - Answer- Decrease in severity, signs or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured. Exacerbation - Answer- Increase in severity, signs or symptoms Convalescence - Answer- Stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical procedure Sequela - Answer- Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute illness Sensitivity - Answer- Probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition Specificity - Answer- Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without a particular condition Validity - Answer- Degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure Predictive value - Answer- Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence of a person's condition Epidemiology - Answer- Study of the patterns of disease involving populations Endemic disease - Answer- Native to a local region Epidemic disease - Answer- Spread to many people at the same time Pandemic disease - Answer- Spread to large geographic areas Primary prevention - Answer- vaccinations, altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons Secondary prevention - Answer- early detection, screening, and management of disease Tertiary prevention - Answer- rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning following disease