Patho 370 Exam Questions and Answers 2023

primary prevention - Answer- Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. first step, patient education , example; getting the covid vaccination secondary prevention - Answer- anything that includes exams, screening, routine physical exam, management, follow-ups and treatments. At this point were managing something ex: anemia infection bleeding issues tertiary prevention - Answer- preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain. taking medications now latent period - Answer- disease process when the person comes into contact with the particular disease condition. And introduced into body. however not experiencing any signs and symptoms. Example; tested positive for covid prodromal - Answer- disease is well established into the body.. example COVID . has signs and symptom's DEFINTELY HAVE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS subclinical - Answer- person that is diagnosed with condition example: diabetes. They are doing okay and living fine. Diagnosed and going through treatment. Manageable, diet acute disease - Answer- symptoms develop rapidly, first happened chronic disease - Answer- an ongoing condition or illness, take long to develop endemic - Answer- localized to one particular group epidemic - Answer- A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease one particular region pandemic - Answer- worldwide epidemic Etiology - Answer- known cause for a disease. Example; strep throat which is caused by bacteria streptococcus idiopathic - Answer- unknown cause risk factors - Answer- characteristics that increase the likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease Pathogenisis - Answer- development of disease, disease process Allostasis - Answer- when the body gets out of homeostasis. Hormones secreted during stress response - Answer- o Growth hormones o Oxytocin o Prolactin o Epinephrine o Norepinephrine o Aldosterone o Cortisol o Immune o Endorphine 3 phases of stress - Answer- alarm, resistance, exhaustion Which of the following hormones are secreted during the stress response? SELECT ALL that apply. - Answer- A. Cortisol B. Aldosterone D. Growth hormone ALL APPLY Types of intracellular accumulations - Answer- 1. Excessive amounts of normal intracellular substances 2. Accumulation of abnormal substances, faulty metabolism 3. Accumulation of pigments and particles that the cell is unable to degrade i. COMMON SITE: liver Cellular Adaptations: Atrophy - Answer- decrease in cell size § Causes - disuse, denervation, ischemia, nutrient starvation, interruptions of hormone signals, persistent cell injury hypertrophy - Answer- increase in cell size Hyperplasia - Answer- increase in number of cells Metaplasia - Answer- Conversion of one cell type to another Dysplasia - Answer- abnormal growth development. pre-pre-canceorus anaplasia - Answer- when cancer is officially diagonsed disease process - Answer- levels-- tissues--organs--organ system hyperplasia - Answer- ex callus formation cancer grading - Answer- taking a biopsy, looking under a microscope. Done in a LAB. Actually looking at cells. cell differentiation staging - Answer- looking at the patient as a whole. Showing how the cancer is spreading Coagulative necrosis - Answer- dark and dry liquefactive necrosis - Answer- brain infarct, bacterial infections; wet, internal organs Fat necrosis - Answer- death of adipose (fat) tissue, results from trauma or pancreatitis, breast augmentation infectionc caseous necrosis - Answer- localized to lungs, TB