N6540 Midterm Questions And Answers

What are the physiological changes of aging - Answer- 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems 2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust 3. Changes in the sympathetic response 4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and autoimmune diseases are more prevalent. What factors influence lab value interpretation in the older adult - Answer- 1. physiological changes with aging 2. the prevalence of chronic disease 3. changes in nutritional and fluid intake 4. Lifestyle What lab values is important - Answer- Creatinine clearance, GFR and renal function What are examples of drugs are eliminated renally - Answer- Digoxin, H2 blockers, lithium and water-soluable antibiotics What are the two formulas to evaluate the kidney function - Answer- The Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) What neurological conditions commonly have an initial onset in older age? - Answer- Parkinson's, dementia, stroke, and complex partial seizures What are geriatric syndromes - Answer- Diseases that involve multiple systems and have more than one underlying cause What are the geriatric syndrome giants currently - Answer- Frailty, anorexia of aging, sarcopenia and cognitive impariment What are bimodal presentations of disease - Answer- Diseases that can present in a younger age and an older age. What are examples of bimodal diseases? - Answer- Psoriasis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myasthenia gravis What is primary prevention? - Answer- Activities to prevent the occurrence of a disease or adverse, including mental health What is secondary prevention - Answer- Tasks directed towards detection of a disease or adverse health condition in an asymptomatic individual who has risk factors What is tertiary prevention - Answer- The management of existing conditions to prevent disability and minimize complications to prevent disability for optimal function What is the key to increasing geriatric physical activity - Answer- motivation What is the nutrition screening tool for community dwelling older adults - Answer- Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA)