WGU D094 133 Questions And Answers A+ Graded

WGU D094/133 Questions And Answers/A+ Graded Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct Answer -Popular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - Correct Answer -Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before they can reach their potential. Maslow's Deficiency Needs - Correct Answer -Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem Maslow's Growth Needs - Correct Answer -Cognitive, Aesthetic, SelfActualization, Transcendence Maslow's Physiological Need - Correct Answer -Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter Maslow's Safety Need - Correct Answer -Protection from the elements, law and order, financial security, and freedom from fear. Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - Correct Answer -Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships, intimacy, being part of a group. Maslow's Esteem Need - Correct Answer -Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and prestige. Maslow's Cognitive Need - Correct Answer -Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration Maslow's Aesthetic Need - Correct Answer -Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty and balance. Maslow's Self-Actualization Need - Correct Answer -Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's personal potential as a human being. Maslow's Transcendence Need - Correct Answer -Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-actualization. Arnold Gesell - Correct Answer -First theorist to observe and document stages of physical development. Gesell's Maturational Theory - Correct Answer -Child's growth & development are influenced by both their environment and genes in sequential order Infancy - Correct Answer -The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months. Dozens of motor skills are added. Early Childhood - Correct Answer -The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old. Improvements occur in both fine and gross motor skills. Middle Childhood - Correct Answer -The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but steady gains in weight and height. Adolescence - Correct Answer -The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and height increase rapidly and puberty begins. Jean Piaget - Correct Answer -Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive Development. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - Correct Answer -Theory that suggests children move through four different stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational. Sensorimotor Stage - Correct Answer -Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Object Permanence - Correct Answer -The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. Major development of sensorimotor stage. Preoperational Stage - Correct Answer -Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn through pretend play. Egocentric and struggle to see others perspective. Concrete Operational Stage - Correct Answer -Stage of development from 7 to 11 years. Logical thought begins, and they understand the idea of conservation. Formal Operational Stage - Correct Answer -Stage of development for 12 years and up. Abstract thought begins. Higher order thinking and ability to systematically plan for future. Schema - Correct Answer -Categories of knowledge that help us to interpret and understand the world. An organized pattern of behavior or thought. Assimilation - Correct Answer -Process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures (schema). Accomodation - Correct Answer -Process of changing cognitive structures (schema) in order to accept something from the environment. Can also develop new schemas. Equilibration - Correct Answer -The attempt to strike a balance between assimilation and accommodation. The tendency to organize schemas. Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development - Correct Answer -Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory that emphasized the important role of social interactions in the development of children's cognition. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - Correct Answer -The place where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given. It is the link between what we can do and what we can't do. More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) - Correct Answer -Someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner. Vygotsky's Social Approach to Language Development - Correct Answer -Language develops through social interactions. Bandura's Social Learning Theory - Correct Answer -Learning occurs through observation and modeling. 3 Types of Modeling - Correct Answer -Live models, direct instruction, and symbolic instruction. Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development - Correct Answer -Based her work on Kohlberg's theories, but states gender might influence ethical development. Ethics of Care - Correct Answer -Women's moral and ethical decisions often focus on way decisions will affect people and relationships. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - Correct Answer -Moral development takes place in stages. Preconventional Stage - Correct Answer -Moral development stage where your behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments Conventional Stage - Correct Answer -Moral development stage where your behavior is influenced by peer pressure/society Postconventional Stage - Correct Answer -Moral development stage where your behavior is influenced by your own ethics Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Correct Answer -8 stages of identify development where people are motivated by the need to achieve competence in certain areas of their lives. Trust vs. Mistrust - Correct Answer -Infants need for comfort and safety. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Correct Answer -Toddlers need for independence and doing things on their own. Initiative vs. Guilt - Correct Answer -Preschoolers need for initiating activities. Pushing physical and social boundaries. Industry vs. Inferiority - Correct Answer -Elementary need to compare themselves to peers and see how they measure up. Identity vs Role Confusion - Correct Answer -Adolescents need to develop a sense of self. Intimacy vs. Isolation - Correct Answer -Young adults need to share their lives with others. Chomsky's Theory of Language Development - Correct Answer -Chomsky's theory holds that children learn to use language because of an innate capacity for language and communication; they do not need to be explicitly taught but, rather, pick it up instinctively Universal Grammar - Correct Answer -Theory states that because most children acquire and use language in a consistent way, there is a common structure or grammar within language. Skinner's Theory of Language Development - Correct Answer -Language use is conditioned or influenced by the responses you receive from others around you. Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer -Children learn language based on reinforcement. Skinner's Three Language Processes - Correct Answer -Imitating, prompting, and sharing. Cognitive Development Barriers - Correct Answer -Innate challenges within students. Intellectual disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injuries, and ADHD. Intellectual Disability - Correct Answer -A condition where a person has certain limitations like communicating, taking care of themselves, and impaired social skills. Brain Injury Implications - Correct Answer -Personality and mood changes, mental health difficulties, visual or memory impairments, attention difficulties, headaches. Autism Spectrum Disorder - Correct Answer -Neurodevelopment disorder that affects how children process certain types of information. Signs of trauma in children - Correct Answer -Trouble forming relationships, poor self-regulation, hypervigilance, and executive function challenges. Behavioral Disorders - Correct Answer -Persistent pattern of behaviors that disrupt a student's functioning or that of the class. Language Disorder - Correct Answer -Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in comprehension or production. Social (pragmatic) Communication Disorder - Correct Answer -Difficulties in the social use of verbal and non-verbal communication. Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) - Correct Answer -Disruption in the flow of speech and includes repetitions of speech sounds, hesitations, or prolongations of speech sounds. Articulation Difficulties - Correct Answer -Challenges in pronouncing words understandably. Voice Disorders - Correct Answer -Difficulties with the quality, pitch, and loudness of the voice. Language Barriers - Correct Answer -Students struggle to understand and remember verbal information. Central Auditory Processing Disorder - Correct Answer -Impairment of the auditory processing, resulting in deficiencies in the recognition and interpretation of sounds by the brain. Expressive Language Disorder - Correct Answer -Trouble getting message across when talking. Receptive Language Disorder - Correct Answer -Struggle to get the meaning of what others are saying. Mixed Receptive-expressive Language Issues - Correct Answer -Struggle with both using and understanding language. Physical Development Barriers - Correct Answer -Motor delays, or difficulty hearing or seeing, physical conditions such as nutrition, poverty, and homelessness. Orthopedic Impairments - Correct Answer -Impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. Neuromotor Impairment - Correct Answer -Abnormality of the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system that sends impulses to the muscles. Degenerative Disease - Correct Answer -Various diseases that affect motor development. Musculoskeletal Disorder - Correct Answer -Conditions that can result in various levels of physical limitations. Multiple Intelligence Theory - Correct Answer -Intelligence consists of several abilities and talents that are independent and unrelated to each other. Spearman's g Factor - Correct Answer -A general intelligence factor is the basis of all cognitive processes and performance. Triarchy Theory of Intelligence - Correct Answer -Robert Stenberg's theory of three intelligences. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence - Correct Answer -Ability to analyze info and produce work that involves oral and written language. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence - Correct Answer -Ability to develop equations and proofs, make calculations, and solve abstract problems. Visual-Spatial Intelligence - Correct Answer -Comprehend maps and other graphical information. Musical Intelligence - Correct Answer -Enables individuals to produce and make meaning of different sounds. Naturalistic Intelligence - Correct Answer -Ability to identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations found in the natural world. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence - Correct Answer -Entail's using one's own body to create products or solve problems. Interpersonal Intelligence - Correct Answer -Ability to recognize and understand other people's moods, desires, motivations, and intentions. Intrapersonal Intelligence - Correct Answer -Ability to recognize and assess those same characteristics within themselves. Classical Conditioning - Correct Answer -A neutral stimulus is associated with a natural response. Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer -A response is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment. Direct Instruction - Correct Answer -Teacher-directed curriculum specifically designed to address the learning needs of underprivileged students. Sensory Memory - Correct Answer -Temporary register of all the information your senses are taking in. Working Memory - Correct Answer -Whatever you are thinking about right at this moment. Short term memory. Long-term Memory - Correct Answer -The relatively permanent storage of information Explicit Memory - Correct Answer -Facts or events that you can clearly and explicitly describe. Implicit Memory - Correct Answer -Memories of things you may not be able to articulate. Self-Efficacy Theory - Correct Answer -Beliefs become a primary, explicit explanation for motivation. Self-Efficacy - Correct Answer -Belief that you are capable of carrying out a specific task or at reaching a specific goal. Metacognition - Correct Answer -Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. Cognitive Learning Theory - Correct Answer -Learners can be influenced by both internal and external elements. Social Cognitive Theory - Correct Answer -Learning happens in a social concept and is impacted by the person, environment, and behavior. Cognitive Behavioral Theory - Correct Answer -How we think, how we feel, and how we behave are all connected together. Behaviorism Learning Theory - Correct Answer -How a student behaves is based on their interaction with their environment. Constructivism Learning Theory - Correct Answer -Students create their own learning based on previous experiences. Cognitive Constructivism - Correct Answer -Learning should be related to the learners stage of cognitive development. Social Constructivism - Correct Answer -Knowledge develops from how people interact with each other, their culture, and society. Humanism Learning Theory - Correct Answer -Focuses on the idea of selfactualization. Personal Agency - Correct Answer -Humanistic term for the exercise of free will. Intrinsic Motivation - Correct Answer -Act of doing something without any obvious external rewards. Extrinsic Motivation - Correct Answer -Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. Cooperative Learning - Correct Answer -Teacher led instruction that focuses on the product more than the process. Collaborative Learning - Correct Answer -Student led instruction that focuses on the process more than the product. Project-based Learning - Correct Answer -Teaching method in which students learn by actively engaging in real-world and personally meaningful projects. Inquiry-based Learning - Correct Answer -Allow students to have choices in how they learn and what they relate new information with. Bloom's Taxonomy - Correct Answer -Six levels of hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills. Remember - Correct Answer -Retrieve, recall, or recognize relevant knowledge from long-term memory Understand - Correct Answer -Demonstrate comprehension through one or more forms of explanation Apply - Correct Answer -Use information or a skill in a new situation Analyze - Correct Answer -Break material into its constituent parts and determine how the parts relate to one another and/or to an overall structure or purpose. Evaluate - Correct Answer -Make judgments based on criteria and standards Create - Correct Answer -Put elements together to form a new coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure. Competency Based Learning - Correct Answer -An approach to education that focuses on the student's demonstration of desired learning outcomes as central to the learning process. Standardized Assessment - Correct Answer -Form of test that requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from a common bank of questions. Alternative Assessment - Correct Answer -Test designed by teacher to gauge students' understanding of material. Formative Assessment - Correct Answer -Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students' understanding and inform and guide teaching. Diagnostic Assessment - Correct Answer -Pretest to determine how much pre-loaded information a student has about a topic. Performance Based Assessment - Correct Answer -Measures students' ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit or units of study. Selected Response Assessment - Correct Answer -Assess students using questions and items that are multiple choice, matching, and true/false. Norm-referenced Assessment - Correct Answer -Compare a students performance to others in a predetermined peer group. Criterion-Referenced Assessment - Correct Answer -Compare a student's knowledge or skills against a predetermined standard. Summative Assessment - Correct Answer -Evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Learning Context - Correct Answer -All the factors external to the learners within an instructional environment that provide meaning for the messages they receive Physical Instructional Context - Correct Answer -Worksheets, textbooks, lab equipment, computers Social Instructional Context - Correct Answer -Reading groups, collaborative learning projects Motivational Instructional Context - Correct Answer -Relevant instruction, attention-grabbing lessons Comprehensive Assessment - Correct Answer -Process of eliciting evidence of learners' understanding and adapting instruction to increase their rate of learning