PCT Davita Exam May 2021

PCT Davita Exam May 2021 Number 1 & 2 cause of (CKD) chronic kidney diease - CORRECT ANSWER 1- diabetes 2-hypertension In (AKI) acute kidney injury it is better to keep patients? - CORRECT ANSWER too wet, rather than too dry with fluid removal goals 3 sub-groups of ckd? - CORRECT ANSWER 1-pre-renal-interferes w/ BF to the kidneys, causes-injuries/renal artery clot 2-intra-renal-damages nephron directly, causes-diabetes/hypertension/PKD 3-post-renal-any condition interfering w/ urine leaving the bladder, causes-kidney stones/enlarged prostate Acceptable conductivity range of dialysate? - CORRECT ANSWER 13-15.5ms +/- 0.4 Acceptable PH range of bicarb? - CORRECT ANSWER 6.9-7.6 PH Hemodialysis (HD) replaces approximately how much of normal kidney function? - CORRECT ANSWER 15% In patients w/ kidney failure, what is recommended to use if they are having issues w/ their skin, such as dryness? - CORRECT ANSWER hyper fatted/super fatted soaps and lotions There is no specific tx for a patient w/ peripheral neuropathy, but it is recommended that a patient should? - CORRECT ANSWER not walk barefoot check feet for cuts test bath water to ensure it is not too hot Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER fluid passing through a semi-permeable membrane, controlled by hydrostatic pressure EX. coffee filter Ultrafiltration (UF) - CORRECT ANSWER controlled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure Convection - CORRECT ANSWER solutes dragged across the semi-permeable membrane along w/ the fluid Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which particles (solutes) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration normal acid-base balance of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER 7.35-7.45 PH How do kidneys control blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER renin-angiotensin system Erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER function of the kidneys that control the production of red blood cells 3 functions of normal working kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER 1-endocrine system- a. renin-angiotensin-BP regulation b. erythropoiesis-RBC production, activation of vitamin D3 & serum Ca regulation 2-acid concentration- maintain normal body PH, excreting acids & reabsorbing bicarbonates 3-excretory functions- waste removal, acid-base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance Anemia medications? - CORRECT ANSWER epogen IV iron 2 most common causes of death for a dialysis patient? - CORRECT ANSWER 1-heart attack 2-infection Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) are mainly routed by? - CORRECT ANSWER contact transmission of infection hands/surfaces Most common infectious complications among HD patients? - CORRECT ANSWER vascular access infections How long can MRSA bacteria remain on a surface? - CORRECT ANSWER for days, especially on plastic/vinyl Breakdown product of chlorine that causes hemolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER chloramines Hemolysis - CORRECT ANSWER the rupture or destruction of red blood cells blood is visibly cherry red kool-aid colored Chlorine + Chloramines = - CORRECT ANSWER hemolysis What does the water softener remove? - CORRECT ANSWER calcium and magnesium How often is carbon filter monitoring done? CM130 - CORRECT ANSWER takes chlorine samples every 5 minutes