WGU C182

WGU C182 Verified Answers Application Software Programs end users run to accomplish tasks. Productivity Software Application software used to aid in productivity. I.E. Presentation software, word processor, spreadsheets. System Software Consists of programs that make up the OS and directly support system itself. **Includes services or DAEMONS Server Software Works with hardware to provide network service. Local Application Software stored on an individual computer. Intranet A LAN that uses IP. Used to communicate within organization. Cloud Computing Allows organization to access resources/app anywhere, anytime. Beneficial because an org. may access resources it may not normally have. Operating Systems Allows a user to easily access hardware/software, required to maintain computer environment. Kernel Core component of OS. Loads when computer first boots Sits on top of hardware, is interface b/w hardware and software. Device Drivers Interface b/w OS and hardware. Shell Interface for user, often personalized. The shell provides access to the kernel. I.E. The GUI will translate mouse motions into calls to kernel/routines. Desktop elements include shortcuts, windows theme, menus, background. Services (Daemons) OS programs that start when OS is loaded. They run in the background and wait for an event to initiate. Utility Programs Allow user to monitor system performance. Web Server Role is to respond to HTTP requests. *Most HTTP requests are for HTML docs, but could include any web accessible resource. It's all combined into the URL. **APACHE is most popular web server-can execute scripts for dynamic pages, use security mechanisms, log request for trend tracking. Proxy Server A software that acts as an intermediary between a client and a server to shield the client from adverse actions of the server. *Also provides degree of anonymity, since IP address recorded is for proxy server and not individual client. *Can also be used to block requests to certain servers (i.e Facebook) *Can reject responses that contain certain content (i.e "porn") **SQUID is most common, but APACHE can also be used as proxy server. Database Server Permits database access across a network. Performs tasks such as data analysis, data manipulation, security, and archiving. May/may not store database itself. **MySQL is popular. File Server Computer with large hard disk storing files, but can also store software to be run over network. Email Server Provides email service. Accepts email request from clients. IMAP,POPS,HTTP,MAPI,MIME String Data Alphanumeric or text Ex: James (Last name) 623 Hill Street Number Integer Numeric data, whole numbers. Ex: 4 Floating Point Decimal. Ex: 4.2 Date/Time Type of Data Boolean/Logical Type of Data. Ex: True/False (in reply to active subscriber?) Only two possible answers: yes/no or true/false Flat File Database One large single table without relations between tables. *Most common is CSV file (files separated by comma) *Flat file is used if amount of data is fairly small. Ex: Spreadsheet Relational Database Most common structure for database. *Distinguished by multiple tables with interrelated fields. *When queried, data can be pulled form any # of relations that may be contained in multiple databases. *Provides lots of flexibility. Hierarchical Database Organizes data by using tree-like or organizational chart type structure. *Main data points can have multiple sub-data points (Parent/child structure)-Subpoints can only have one main data point. * Records can be broken up so one portion is in one location and another is in another section. Ex: Employee database could list all employees, but a child relation could contain info about employee position, pay level, responsibilities. Another child relation could include info about employee projects. Sub data is always specific to main data point. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Most commonly used network connections. Looks just as it sounds, wires twisted together in a pair. Fiber Optic Cable Transmits via light pulses as opposed to electromagnetic ones. Twisted Pair Network connection commonly used in the past. It is still seen a lot today because it was used extensively in the phone systems. Is cheap and and already in place. **transmits using electromagnetic waves. Coaxial Cable Commonly used network connection. *Transmits using electromagnetic waves. Bandwidth Transfer rate permissible over the media, and is described as bps or b/s (bits per second). **Modern bandwidth is described in millions/billions bits per second (i.e. Mbps or Gbps) *Older tech limited to thousands, (i.e. 56 Kbps) Network Switch Device that connects multiple computers together, a bridges that connect more than two lines. **Able to broadcast to just one if message is intended for one, but has ability to send message to all if needed. Router Used to connect multiple networks together. **Has decision making abilities, can purposefully drop messages if message traffic exceeds capacity. In the event multiple messages are sent, router can make the decision to determine which message is sent first. Transmission Last step network performs when sending a message. Reception First step when network receives message. Circuit Switch Network Requires full pathway (or circuit) to be established and maintained during entire submission. Ex: Phone network b/c path exists during entire conversation and communication can be both ways. Packet Switch Network Message pathway established as it's sent. The choice of the pathway is determined by network availability. Ex: Message traffic. Peer to Peer Workstation in which each computer is equal to an