KIDNEY PROBLEM IN CHILDREN Nephrotic Condition Syndrome

3. An eight-year-old boy has nephrotic syndrome. On admission, he has generalized edema and his urine contains blood and protein. He is anxious and is accompanied to the ward by his mother who will stay overnight. a.Describe the functions of the kidneys. Kidneys are organs found in the renal system, they are bean-shaped and help the body pass urine and waste. Kidneys have other roles in the body which include: • Filters the blood before it can go back to the heart. • Maintaining the overall balance of fluids. KIDNEY PROBLEM IN CHILDREN 2 • Creating hormones that enhance the production of red blood cells which in turn facilitate the growth of bones and regulation of blood pressure. • Filtering waste materials from food, toxic substances, and medications. • Produces an active form of vitamin D (Moradi & Vaziri 2019). b.Outline the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome cannot be categorized as a major disease since it is just a medical condition, renal injury caused by the symptoms of this condition whereby proteins in big amounts that get lost through the urine. The main evidence of nephrotic syndrome includes proteinuria, altered immunity, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability (Downie et al. 2017). o Proteinuria is where proteins are found in the urine in high amounts. Excess amount of protein in the urine suggests illness that is related to the kidney however other conditions may show such symptoms. o Altered immunity in diseases develops since the immune sys