EMT Basic Practice Exam 1

EMTs should wear high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirators when they are in contact with contact with patients who have which of the following? A. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) or AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) B. Tuberculosis (TB) C. Open Wounds D. Hepatitis B - Answer- B. Tuberculosis HEPA respirators are worn when in contact with patients airborne infections such as TB. HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B are both blood-borne pathogens. Contaminants from open wounds would also be blood-borne. You are called to assist a 60-year-old female who complains of a severe headache. Upon entering the home, you smell a strong odor of natural gas. What is your first reaction? A. Check the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation. B. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assess vital signs. C. Remove the patient from the house to your ambulance. D. Open all windows and determine the source of the gas leak. - Answer- C. Remove the patient from the house to your ambulance. Your first action should be to remove your crew and the patient from the possible noxious gas and to notify the gas company of the leak. You may also be required to alert hazardous material response team. Treatment for the patient will begin with an ABC assessment and management of any problems you might encounter. The most common electrical rhythm disturbance that results in sudden cardiac arrest. A. Pulseless Electrical Activity B. Ventricular Fibrillation C. Ventricular Tachycardia D. Asystole - Answer- B. Ventricular Fibrillation Because ventricular fibrillation is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest., it is critical to apply an AED on an unconscious apneic and pulseless patient as quickly as possible. The other rhythms can also cause a patient to be in cardiac arrest, but they do not occur as frequently as "V-fib". Which of the following is the highest priority patient? A. 57-year-old male with chest pain and systolic blood pressure of 80. B. 40-year-old female with moderate pain from a leg injury. C. 75-year-old male who appears confused but responds to commands. D. 25-year-old female in labor with contractions six minutes apart. - Answer- A. 57-year-old male with chest pain and systolic blood pressure of 80.