Nur2474 Pharmacology Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers Graded A

Nur2474 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women - ANSWER women take due to vaginal dryness, hot flashes, painful sex, prevent bone loss when older risks associated with hormonal replacement therapy - ANSWER breast and cancer development, risk of blood clots, bone loss, risk of fractures, cardiovascular disease penicillin and aminoglycosides interaction - ANSWER pencillin may react with aminoglycosides and cause it to be less effective in treating infection. Do NOT combine these antibiotics in same IV solution Side effects of steroids - ANSWER SHORT TERM o Insomnia o Mood alterations or Psychosis o GI upset o Increased appetite/weight gain o Fluid retention o Hyperglycemia o Hypokalemia LONG TERM o Hyperglycemia o Osteoporosis o Thin skin, easy bruising, poor wound healing o Rare: HTN, PUD, AVN, Allergic reaction o Adrenal suppression if 4 courses/year TMP-SMZ - ANSWER trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole combination drug -treat a variety of bacterial infections -UTIs, ear infections, pneumonia how to protect kidneys - ANSWER drink lots of water when to take diuretics - ANSWER in the morning Diuretics Side Effects - ANSWER increased urination, dehydration, increased thirst, weakness, and impotence. Antacids - ANSWER neutralize the acids in the stomach affect acid level, have a lot of interaction so need to take a few hours apart from other meds Cimetidine - ANSWER type of antihistamine that blocks the release of stomach acid. used to treat stomach or intestinal ulcers can relieve ulcer pain and discomfort and heartburn from acid reflux Naloxone (Narcan) - ANSWER opiate antagonist (antidote), reverses opioid induced resiratory depression Signs of overdose - ANSWER Slow breathing, blue lips and finger tips, cold damp skin, shaking, vomiting and gurgling noises education with anti-effectives (antibiotic, antifungal) - ANSWER make sure patient goes through whole course of treatment, go beyond "feeling better", still continue taking at least a week to get it all out Antibiotics and C. diff - ANSWER c-diff often happens after another infection. New onset diarrhea. what antibiotics can be given with CDIFF - ANSWER vancomycin and metronidazole (flagyl) Warfarin - ANSWER Anticoagulant, works later and takes longer to work, better for long-term use, PT/INR levels, hematocrit, hemoglobin Warfarin antidote - ANSWER Vitamin K INR (therapeutic) - ANSWER 2-3 seconds PT (therapeutic) - ANSWER 16-31 seconds Heparin - ANSWER Indication for DVT, short,rapid response and this med is first choice treatmentenhances antithrombin, rapid-acting anticoagulant, aPTT level aPTT therapeutic range - ANSWER 60-80 seconds Heparin antidote - ANSWER protamine sulfate Long term steroid use - ANSWER delayed wound healing, impaired immune system, osteroporosis nitroglycerin and pde5 inhibitors (erectyle dysfunction drugs) - ANSWER DO NOT TAKE TOGETHER Glipizide - ANSWER oral diabetic medicine for type 2 diabetes Alcohol and glipizide - ANSWER AVOID, do not drink alcohol with this medication