ATLS EXAM Questions All With Correct Answers |Grade A

ATLS EXAM Questions All With Correct Answers |Grade A True or False: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with severe central canal stenosis, cord compression, and myelomalacia {{Correct Ans- true In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia...... {{Correct Ans- respiratory failure may present insidiously in older adults. Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable. {{Correct Ans- Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older. Do not equate blood pressure with shock in older patients {{Correct Ans- BP in older patients may look normal due to the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit to evaluate for evidence of shock What 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial hemorrhage? {{Correct Ans- aging causes dura to become more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and older patients are on anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and complications for immobility. {{Correct Ans- Rapid evaluation and when possible early liberation from spine boards and cervical collars will minimize complications. True or False: Fall prevention is the mainstay of reducing the mortality associated with pelvic fractures. {{Correct Ans- true poor hygiene, dehydration, oral injury, contusions affecting the inner arms, inner thighs, palms, soles, scalp, ear, nasal bridge and temple injury from being struck while wearing glasses, contact burns and scalds. These are all signs of.......? {{Correct Ans- Elder maltreatment. The presence of physical findings of maltreatment should prompt a detailed history. if history conflicts with findings, immediately report findings to authorities. True of false: early activation of the trauma team may be required for elderly patients who do not meet traditional criteria for activation {{Correct Ans- True. A simple injury such as an open tibia fracture in a frail elderly patient may become life threatening. Common mechanisms of injury include falls, MVC, burns, and penetrating injuries {{Correct Ans- common injuries in the elderly include rib fractures, TBI, pelvic fractures The best initial treatment for the fetus is to provide optimal resuscitation of the mother. True or False? {{Correct Ans- True. Also if xray examination is indicated during the pregnant patient's treatment, it should not be withheld because of the pregnancy. What happens as the uterus enlarged and the bowel is pushed cephalad? {{Correct Ans- When the uterus enlarges it pushes the bowel cephalad and the uterus lies in the upper abdomen. As a result, the bowel is somewhat protected from blunt abdominal trauma, whereas the uterus and its contents (fetus and placenta) become more vulnerable. Uterus remains intrapelvic until 12 weeks and then at 20 weeks it is at the umbilicus, and at 34-36 weeks it reaches the costal margin. Amniotic fluid can cause amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation following trauma if fluid enters maternal intravascular space. True or False {{Correct Ans- True By the third trimester, what is the complication of trauma to the pelvis of the mother? {{Correct Ans- by the third trimester, the uterus is large and thin walled. In vertex presentation, fetal head is usually in the pelvis and the remainder of the fetus is exposed above the pelvic brim. Pelvic fractures in late gestation can result in skull fracture or intracranial injury to the fetus. Also we can have a placental abruption due to its little elasticity and vulnerability to sheer forces. An abrupt decrease in maternal intravascular volume can result in a profound increase in uterine vascular resistance reducing fetal oxygenation despite reasonably normal maternal vital signs. {{Correct Ans- this is true Physiological anemia of pregnancy {{Correct Ans- A smaller increase in red blood cell volume can occur resulting in a decreased hematocrit level. Thus, in late pregnancy a hematocrit of 31-33% is normal.