ATLS Questions and Answers |100% Correct

ATLS Questions and Answers |100% Correct For a patient with difficulty breathing, what things might you try before you provide a surgical airway? {{Correct Ans- Chin-lift, jaw-thrust (NOT head-tilt while maintaining c-spine precautions), OPA (guedel), NPA (trumpet), LMA, Combitube, ET tube +/- bougie How do you know if an OPA/Guedel is the correct size for the patient? {{Correct Ans- A correctly sized OPA will extend from the corner of the patient's mouth to the external auditory canal. What should do with the balloon on an ET tube/LMA/foley before you insert it? {{Correct Ans- Inflate it to make sure it doesn't leak - then deflate and insert. What size LMA do you use for kid, woman/small man, large woman/man? {{Correct Ans- Kid: 3, Woman/small man: 4, Large woman/man: 5 (C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive) The proper size ET tube for an infant is ______. {{Correct Ans- The same size as the infant's nostril or little finger. (Usually size 3 for neonates, 3.5 for infants) What size cuffed endotracheal tube do you use for an emergency cricothyroidotomy? {{Correct Ans- 5 or 6 Use size 3 ET tubes for neonates, 3.5 for infants 0-6 months, and size 4 for infants 6-12 months. How do you calculate what size ET tube to use for toddlers and kids? {{Correct Ans- Age/4 + 4 mm = internal diameter Shock is defined as an abnormality of the circulatory system that results in inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation. What are the 4 different types? {{Correct Ans- Neurogenic, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic The most common cause of shock in the injured trauma patient is _____. {{Correct Ans- hemorrhage Approximately ___% of the body's total blood volume is located in the venous circuit. {{Correct Ans- 70 Why does shock actually reduce the total volume of circulating blood? {{Correct Ans- Anaerobic metabolism -- can't make more ATP -- Endoplasmic then mitochondrial damage -- lysosomes rupture -- sodium and WATER enter the cell, which SWELLS and dies. Which vasopressors should you use to treat hemorrhagic shock? What are the drug doses? {{Correct Ans- NEVER use pressors for hypovolemic shock - use VOLUME replacement. Pressors will worsen tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock. Compensatory mechanisms may preclude a measurable fall in systolic blood pressure until up to __% of the patient's blood volume is lost. {{Correct Ans- 30