NR 293 final exam 1 ( Exam study guide Elaborations )

Sulfonamides: ○ Bacteriostatic ○ Indications: UTI, Lowers Resp infection, Ulcerative Colitis. ○ Precautions: Sunburns, rash, jaundice, nephrotoxicity. ■ Use sunscreen, drink plenty of water. ● Macrolides: ○ Bacteriostatic ○ Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, otitis media. ○ GI disturbances, may leave metallic taste in mouth. ● Tetracyclines ○ Skin infections, Lyme disease. ○ Precautions: avoid dairy products, Fe/Antacid use. ○ Contraindicated in pregnant women & children. ■ Women must be on birth control. ○ SE: Photosensitivity, Tetra-teeth. ● Aminoglycosides ○ MOA: Gram - ○ Encephalopathy, Sepsis. ○ Precautions: Nephro/Oto-tox. ○ Monitor Bun/Cr & GFR. ● Quinolones ○ MOA: Bactericidal (Alters DNA) ○ UTI, Anthrax, Gram -, bone/joint infections. ○ Precautions: Elderly. ● Flagyl ○ MOA ○ Abdominal infections, trichomoniasis vaginalis. ○ Avoid alcohol use. ○ SE: Seizures. ● Vancomycin: ○ MOA: ○ UTI, MRSA, C. Diff. ○ Peak & Trough levels needed. ○ Can cause Oto/Nephro-Tox, red man’s syndrome. ○ Shouldn’t be given faster than 1 hr rate. TB Drugs ● INH (Isoniazid) ○ MOA: Slow acetylators This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :49:46 GMT -05:00 ○ Treats TB ○ Metabolized in the Liver (Monitor liver function) ○ Risk for hepatotoxicity ○ Vit B6 given to counteract/avoid liver damage. ● Rifampin ○ Tears, urine & other body secretions turn orange. ○ Interacts w/ other Antiretroviral meds. ● Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: Treat Glaucoma. ○ Can cause renal imbalance; resulting in acidosis. (Hyperventilation). Random Shit ● Vitamin C increases the absorption of Fe by the body. ○ Fe supplements should be given w/ Orange juice. ● Ca gluconate and Ca chloride are meds used for acute hypocalcemia. ● In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. ● Calcitonin decreases the plasma Ca level. ● Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic gram-neg/pos organisms & is used to treat burns. ● Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. ○ Vit A enhances effect. (Call HCP if Pt is already taking Vit A) ● Azelaic acid is a topical med used to treat mild to moderate acne. ● Bleomycin (Chemo) Can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. ○ Pulmonary, hematological, hepatic, and renal func tests need to be monitored. ● Busulfan (Myleran) can cause an increase in the uric acid level. ○ A side effect specific to etoposide is orthostatic hypotension. ● Antineoplastic meds lower the resistance of the body ○ Pt’s must be informed not to receive immunizations without a HCP's approval. ● Vincristine SE: peripheral neuropathy; may manifest as numbness & tingling, depression of Achilles tendon reflex. ● Asparaginase (Elspar) in Pt’s w/ or w/ history of pancreatitis. ○ Pancreatitis S/S: nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. ● Tamoxifen is an antineoplastic med that competes w/ estradiol for binding to estrogen in tissues containing high concentrations of receptors. ○ May increase calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. ● Allopurinol treats GOUT. ● H2-receptor antag