MDC 2 EXAM 2 revised 2023 with Complete Solutions

Magnesium value - ANSWER-1.8-2.6 Phosphate value - ANSWER-3.0-4.5 Potassium value - ANSWER-3.5-5.0 Calcium value - ANSWER-9.0-10.5 Sodium value - ANSWER-136-145 Vomiting leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? - ANSWER-hyponatremia & metabolic alkalosis Diarrhea leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? - ANSWER-hypokalemia & Metabolic acidosis What electrolytes are inside the cell (intracellular)? - ANSWER-(MPP) magnesium, phosphate, potassium What electrolytes are outside the cell (extracellular)? - ANSWER-Bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium Chloride value - ANSWER-98-106 minimum amount of urine needed daily to excrete toxins? - ANSWER-400-600 Fluid overload (hypervolemia) can be caused by - ANSWER-Glucocorticoids Fluid overload (hypervolemia) can cause - ANSWER-CHF, edema, respiratory issues How much fluids are excreted from exhalation per day - ANSWER-300 If a patient has a ileostomy (colon removed) what are they at risk for? - ANSWER-dehydration/ metabolic acidosis If a patient has a NG tube they are at risk for? - ANSWER-hypokalemia Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? - ANSWER-twitching of muscles inverted by facial nerve and can be a sign of hypocalcemia Telemetry is - ANSWER-the way to monitor a person's vital signs remotely : heart rate NG tube can lead to - ANSWER-hypokalemia/ metabolic alkalosis menopause usually puts a patient at risk for what electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER-hypocalcemia (due to decline of estrogen) hypomagnesium cause(s)? - ANSWER-alcohol hypermagnesium cause(s)? - ANSWER-kidney failure hypokalemia cause(s)? - ANSWER-diuretics (digoxin, lasix, thiazide*) if hypokalemia is serious it can case what symptom? - ANSWER-parlytic illeus Hyperkalemia can be caused by? - ANSWER-metabolic acidosis, diabetes, potassium SPARING diuretics Hyperkalemia can cause what symptoms to occur? - ANSWER-large T wave peak Hypocalcemia is caused by? - ANSWER-hypoparathyroidism, chrohn's disease, menopause Hypercalcemia is caused by? - ANSWER-hyperparathyroidism Hyponatremia usually means - ANSWER-hypervolemia Hypernatremia usually means - ANSWER-hypovolemia Acid base balance is characterized by what 3 pH buffers? - ANSWER-1. Metabolic H+ 2. Lungs CO2 3. Kidneys HCO3 (bicarbonate) To find your (ABG) you: - ANSWER--pH 7.35-7.45 -CO2 35-45 -HCO3 22-26 Lower pH= - ANSWER-higher acidity Lab value for Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-high potassium serum If pH & CO2 are on the same side then - ANSWER-its a respiratory issue If pH & HCO3 are on the same side then - ANSWER-its a metabolic issue If the pH is fully compensated - ANSWER-pH is in normal range If the pH is not compensated then - ANSWER-the 3rd number is in normal If the pH is partially compensated then - ANSWER-the 3rd number is on opposite side (because the body is working on trying to get back to normal) Aspirin toxicity can cause - ANSWER-metabolic acidosis & respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis causes - ANSWER-COPD & severe asthma If a patients pH is lower than 6.9 or greater than 7.8 - ANSWER-it can be fatal Every 10 ml of potassium administered the level raises - ANSWER-1.0 Ketoacidosis causes which kind of pH imbalance? - ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis hypovolemia signs and symptoms? - ANSWER-fever, HR 128, 80/46 A patient having anxiety would have which imbalance? - ANSWER-Respiratory alkalosis If your patient is suffering from hypomagnesmia and hypocalcemia what assessment technique would be positive? - ANSWER-trosseaus sign A patient just had surgery and is receiving IV pain medication which acid base imbalance is he at risk for? - ANSWER-Respiratory acidosis A patient is battling end stage liver cancer, what acid base imbalance would you expect to see? - ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis A 3 year old is admitting to the emergency department for choking on a hot dog what acid base imbalance could we expect? - ANSWER-Respiratory acidosis How would you treat metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER-hydration A patient is admitted with tachycardia, hypotension, cough and fever with 100mL output in 12 hours. - ANSWER-hypovolemia (because that means the patient is going to have hypernatremia)