Nervous System Test #1 100% Correct

Overview of nervous system - ANSWER -Master controlling/communication system of body - Works with the endocrine system to regulate and maintain homeostasis -More rapid than endocrine -Communicate-thro electrical signals Specific and immediate responses 3 Functions of Nervous System - ANSWER -monitor internal and external changes by sensory receptors deal w stimuli take in info -sensory input - process and interpret input-make decisions and integration -cause a response-cause a change in muscle/gland, motor output to effector Central Nervous System - ANSWER brain, spinal cord - protected by bone dorsal body cavity command center, interprets, dictates white/gray matter Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER outside CNS (nerves, ganglia-outside bone) nerve from spinal cord and brain link all parts to central nervous system Ganglion - ANSWER swelling in a neuron due to an accumulation of cell bodies Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER Sensory function-afferent, carry towards CNS carry impulse from CNS to sensory receptors Motor function-efferent, carry away from CNS transmit impulses from CNS to organ/muscle/gland bring about action Somatic - ANSWER joints, muscle, skin, bones Visceral - ANSWER thoracic and abdominal body cavity Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER mostly the CNS to skeletal muscles voluntary nervous system conscious control Exception: "hot stove reflex"- involuntary and usually aware of Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER visceral activity, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, unconscious control cannot control, involuntary nervous system, not usually aware of Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER sympathetic- aroused body activity, "oh shit" system, increased heart rate and air flow, decreased digestive activity - when exercise parasympathetic- calming effect, lower heart beat, increase digestive rate- when sleeping Histology of Nervous System - ANSWER densely packed cells 2 main types of cells neuron-excitable, transmit signals supporting cells- wrap around neurons one trillion neurons- 1 cell Supporting cells - ANSWER 6 types- 4 in CNS, 2 in PNS segregate and insulate receptor so electrical activity of adjacent neurons do not interact w another neuron produce and promote well being of neuron neuroglia/glial-"glue cells" bind neuron together, support for nervous tissue, prevent neuron electrical signal from spreading to "unwanted" neurons Cells in central nervous system - ANSWER astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, obligendrocytes cells in cns - ANSWER collectively called "neuroglia" - also called glial cells branching processes and cell bodies small size dark, branching nuclei make up half brain mass astrocytes - ANSWER MOST abundant in brain 90% tissue in brain "star shaped" unite neurons with blood supply and nourishment