All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:29 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, First published 2012
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2012 Tony Binns, Alan Dixon and Etienne Nel
The right of Tony Binns, Alan Dixon and Etienne Nel to be identified as authors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Binns, Tony.
Africa / Tony Binns, Alan Dixon, and Etienne Nel.
p. cm.
“Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada”—T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Africa—Geography. 2. Africa—Social conditions. 3. Social change—
Africa. 4. Social conflict—Africa. 5. Cultural pluralism—Africa. 6. Africa—
Economic conditions. 7. Economic development—Africa. 8.
Africa—Environmental conditions. I. Dixon, Alan
II. Nel, E. L. III. Title.
DT6.7.B56 2011
960—dc23 2011023142
ISBN: 978–0–415–41367–1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978–0–415–41368–8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978–0–203–15349–9 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman and Franklin Gothic
by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:28 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, Contents
List of plates vii
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
List of figures ix
List of tables xi
List of boxes xiii
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Africa: continuity and change 1
Chapter 2 Africa’s people 33
Chapter 3 African environments 61
Chapter 4 Rural Africa 103
Chapter 5 Urban Africa 145
Chapter 6 Health and development 199
Chapter 7 Conflict and post-conflict 240
Chapter 8 African economies 271
Chapter 9 Developing Africa 312
Chapter 10 What future for Africa? 350
References 377
Index 406
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:28 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, Plates
1.1 Colonial house, Banjul, The Gambia 4
1.2 Statue of Cecil Rhodes in Cape Town, South Africa 17
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
1.3 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, celebrates independence day 18
1.4 Colonial post office building in Bamako, Mali 18
2.1 HIV/AIDS poster, Sierra Leone 39
2.2 Grandmother takes care of orphaned grandchildren in South Africa 41
2.3 Ante-natal clinic in rural Sierra Leone 43
2.4 Children in Freetown, Sierra Leone 53
3.1 Flash flooding on rural road in central Mali 76
3.2 Arid landscape, Mali 79
3.3 Erosion gully in northern Nigeria 86
3.4 Boy and donkey with urban refuse for peri-urban fields, Kano, Nigeria 91
4.1 Intensive wheat production outside Lusaka, Zambia 111
4.2 Agriculture in Ethiopia using traditional technology 112
4.3 Traditional irrigation in West Pokot, Kenya 116
4.4 Boy gathering wild fonio in Mali during the ‘hungry season’ 120
4.5 Participatory field sketch of a wetland farming calendar from western
Ethiopia 121
4.6 Fulani pastoralists watering cattle from a well in northern Nigeria 122
4.7 Fishing – a major source of income on the Zambezi floodplain 128
4.8 Luo fishing boat in the Kenyan sector of Lake Victoria 129
4.9 Construction using eucalyptus poles from the surrounding hillside in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 132
4.10 Rural livelihood diversification in Uganda: women make mats from
sedges collected from wetland areas 134
4.11 Women harvesting rice in The Gambia 135
4.12 Traditional granaries, Mali 139
5.1 Urban farmer in Kano, Nigeria 159
5.2 Urban agriculture, central Freetown, Sierra Leone 159
5.3 Ruins at Carthage, northern Tunisia 164
5.4 Ancient mosque in Mopti, Mali 165
5.5 Informal housing in Mathare Valley, Nairobi, Kenya 171
5.6 Central business district, Nairobi, Kenya 173
5.7 Duncan Village squatter camp, East London, South Africa 179
5.8 Scavenging on municipal rubbish tip in Freetown, Sierra Leone 183
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
5.9 Johannesburg CBD, South Africa 188
5.10 Cape Town waterfront and Table Mountain 190
6.1 A girl in Sierra Leone participates in UNICEF’s community-led total
sanitation programme 215
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:29 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:29 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, First published 2012
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2012 Tony Binns, Alan Dixon and Etienne Nel
The right of Tony Binns, Alan Dixon and Etienne Nel to be identified as authors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Binns, Tony.
Africa / Tony Binns, Alan Dixon, and Etienne Nel.
p. cm.
“Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada”—T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Africa—Geography. 2. Africa—Social conditions. 3. Social change—
Africa. 4. Social conflict—Africa. 5. Cultural pluralism—Africa. 6. Africa—
Economic conditions. 7. Economic development—Africa. 8.
Africa—Environmental conditions. I. Dixon, Alan
II. Nel, E. L. III. Title.
DT6.7.B56 2011
960—dc23 2011023142
ISBN: 978–0–415–41367–1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978–0–415–41368–8 (pbk)
ISBN: 978–0–203–15349–9 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman and Franklin Gothic
by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:28 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, Contents
List of plates vii
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
List of figures ix
List of tables xi
List of boxes xiii
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Africa: continuity and change 1
Chapter 2 Africa’s people 33
Chapter 3 African environments 61
Chapter 4 Rural Africa 103
Chapter 5 Urban Africa 145
Chapter 6 Health and development 199
Chapter 7 Conflict and post-conflict 240
Chapter 8 African economies 271
Chapter 9 Developing Africa 312
Chapter 10 What future for Africa? 350
References 377
Index 406
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:28 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
, Plates
1.1 Colonial house, Banjul, The Gambia 4
1.2 Statue of Cecil Rhodes in Cape Town, South Africa 17
All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
1.3 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, celebrates independence day 18
1.4 Colonial post office building in Bamako, Mali 18
2.1 HIV/AIDS poster, Sierra Leone 39
2.2 Grandmother takes care of orphaned grandchildren in South Africa 41
2.3 Ante-natal clinic in rural Sierra Leone 43
2.4 Children in Freetown, Sierra Leone 53
3.1 Flash flooding on rural road in central Mali 76
3.2 Arid landscape, Mali 79
3.3 Erosion gully in northern Nigeria 86
3.4 Boy and donkey with urban refuse for peri-urban fields, Kano, Nigeria 91
4.1 Intensive wheat production outside Lusaka, Zambia 111
4.2 Agriculture in Ethiopia using traditional technology 112
4.3 Traditional irrigation in West Pokot, Kenya 116
4.4 Boy gathering wild fonio in Mali during the ‘hungry season’ 120
4.5 Participatory field sketch of a wetland farming calendar from western
Ethiopia 121
4.6 Fulani pastoralists watering cattle from a well in northern Nigeria 122
4.7 Fishing – a major source of income on the Zambezi floodplain 128
4.8 Luo fishing boat in the Kenyan sector of Lake Victoria 129
4.9 Construction using eucalyptus poles from the surrounding hillside in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 132
4.10 Rural livelihood diversification in Uganda: women make mats from
sedges collected from wetland areas 134
4.11 Women harvesting rice in The Gambia 135
4.12 Traditional granaries, Mali 139
5.1 Urban farmer in Kano, Nigeria 159
5.2 Urban agriculture, central Freetown, Sierra Leone 159
5.3 Ruins at Carthage, northern Tunisia 164
5.4 Ancient mosque in Mopti, Mali 165
5.5 Informal housing in Mathare Valley, Nairobi, Kenya 171
5.6 Central business district, Nairobi, Kenya 173
5.7 Duncan Village squatter camp, East London, South Africa 179
5.8 Scavenging on municipal rubbish tip in Freetown, Sierra Leone 183
Copyright 2012. Routledge.
5.9 Johannesburg CBD, South Africa 188
5.10 Cape Town waterfront and Table Mountain 190
6.1 A girl in Sierra Leone participates in UNICEF’s community-led total
sanitation programme 215
EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 1/7/2020 3:29 PM via UNISA
AN: 428674 ; Binns, Tony, Nel, E. L., Dixon, Alan.; Africa : Diversity and Development
Account: s7393698.main.ehost
