Nutrition and Dietetics Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers

What is health? Correct Answer Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Six categories of nutrients Correct Answer Carbohydrates Proteins Minerals Vitamins Lipids/Fats Water Objectives of Diet and Nutrition Correct Answer 1- Energetic: provide energy required for all metabolic processes and also for physical activities 2- Plastic: formation and maintenance of structures 3- Regulatory: regulation of metabolic processes What does diet depend on? Correct Answer Availability Selection (depending on economic-educational factors, habits, traditions, etc.) Appetite Nutritional needs Difference between diet and nutrition Correct Answer Diet: voluntary, aware, can be taught (choice) Nutrition: Involuntary, unaware, cannot be taught Food Components Correct Answer Primary components: nutrients Secondary components: responsible for what food looks like -- color, smell, flavor/taste, texture Macronutrients Correct Answer provide bulk energy for metabolic system to function Carbs Fats Proteins Micronutrients Correct Answer provide necessary cofactors for metabolism; protective and regulatory functions Minerals Vitamins Essential nutrients Correct Answer cannot be synthesized internally at all, or in sufficient quantities, so must be consumed from outside source Nonessential nutrients Correct Answer can be generated by body although they may also often be absorbed from food How are proteins broken down during digestion? Correct Answer proteins broken down into peptides in stomach, then broken into amino acids which are absorbed thu small intestine How are lipids digested? Correct Answer digested mainly in small intestine thru bile salts through emulsification, which allows lipases to divide lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides -enter bloodstream through micelles and recombine into chylomicrons Carbohydrates Correct Answer C, H, O compounds Also called sugars or saccharides