LVN-A&P Exam Review 2023 Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a buffer system? - Answer- Minimizes changes in pH The average daily intake to maintain fluid balance is - Answer- 2500 ml/24 hours The urinary meatus - Answer- is located at the distal urethra. A client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis a nursing intervention to correct this condition would include - Answer- encourage carbon dioxide breaths- breathing into a paper bag respiratory alkalosis - Answer- Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2. respiratory acidosis - Answer- A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2. A normal pH is - Answer- 7.35-7.45 Components of the extracellular compartment include - Answer- Plasma, lymph and transcellular fluids, interstitial fluids If the patient has a condition that causes overstimulation of the respiratory system monitor the client for - Answer- Respiratory alkalosis Bronchiolar constriction is most likely to cause - Answer- wheezing Hypernatremia is referred to as an - Answer- excess of sodium In a client with Respiratory Acidosis you would include which of the following intervention - Answer- encourage turn, cough, and deep breathing Which of the following structure controls breathing - Answer- medulla oblongata The composition of body fluids for the extracelluar compartment contain - Answer- Sodium, Chloride and bicarb The normal Co2 is - Answer- 35-45 Which structure is called the windpipe and is supported by rings of cartilage? - Answer- Trachea The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis and observes that the client is experiencing abnormally deep, regular, rapid respirations. The nurse would document these as - Answer- Kussmaul's respirations Kussmaul's respirations - Answer- Abnormally deep respirations in a client with ketoacidosis When a client experiences untreated hypovolemia this condition may result - Answer- hypovolemia and shock The organs of the urinary system include - Answer- 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra Which of the following is true about the stomach? - Answer- The entrance and exit of the stomach have sphincters: the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the pyloric sphincter. Which of the following is a function of the liver? - Answer- Makes blood-clotting factors such as prothrombin Eupena - Answer- normal breathing Which of the following determines blood pH? - Answer- H+. The pH of any fluid is the measure of the hydrogen ion (H-) concentration Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the - Answer- pulmonary capillaries The composition of body fluids for the intracellular compartment includes - Answer- potassium, magnesium and phosphate Water loss or dehydration can be lost via which organs - Answer- Lungs, skin, kidneys, digestive track When the client is experiencing an acid-base balance issue the buffer system is initiated, what components make up the buffer system - Answer- Blood, lungs and kidneys The movement of Na+ - Answer- generally determines the movement of water. This structure drains urine from the renal pelvis. - Answer- Ureter Dyspnea means - Answer- difficulty breathing Which of the following causes urinary retention? - Answer- Urinary bladder Across which structure does filtration occur? - Answer- Glomeruli Which of the following is true of lipase - Answer- digests fat Clinical manifestations of edema include - Answer- excess body water, typically in interstitium A decline in blood or water volume is medically termed as - Answer- hypovolemia In respiratory acidosis the respiratory rate and depth - Answer- Increases T or F-Third spacing is an abnormal collection of fluid in poorly accessible spaces. - Answer- True What is the connecting structure between the duodenum and the esophagus? - Answer- Stomach The duodenum - Answer- is a site where digestion and absorption occur. Which respiratory muscles are located between the ribs? - Answer- intercostals Identify the correct sequence of structures through which digested food flows. - Answer- Stomach, small intestine, large intestine What structure connects the distal small intestine and the cecum? - Answer- Ileocecal valve T or F- First spacing is a normal distribution of fluid volume within the body. - Answer- True T or F- The pH in the body values are on a scale from 1 to 14 with 7.35-7.45 being the normal value indicative of homeostasis. - Answer- True An elevation of serum creatinine and BUN are indicative of - Answer- declining renal function. If the client has a condition that causes an obstruction of airway or respiratory system monitor the client for - Answer- respiratory acidosis The normal bicarb or HCo3 is - Answer- 22-26 The anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by a deficiency of - Answer- erythropoietin erythropoietin - Answer- a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys. It plays a key role in the production of red blood cells (RBCs), which carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. A client is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis with an insufficient supply of insulin, the nurse would expect the client to have which acid base disturbance - Answer- metabolic acidosis The trachea branches into the right and left - Answer- bronchi The salivary glands are - Answer- e