LVN TEST 1 Questions with correct Answers

What was illness believed to be caused by? - Answer- Chapter 1 -Sin or the god's displeasure What did nursing consist of? - Answer- Chapter 1 -comforting, caring for basic needs, and using herbal remedies Who founded the American Red Cross? - Answer- Chapter 1 -Clara Barton What did the Henry Street Settlement Service focus on? - Answer- Chapter 1 -Health needs of poor people living in tenements What are interventions? - Answer- Chapter 1 -actions taken to improve, maintain, or restore health or prevent illness What is used to establish the best practices? - Answer- -Chapter 1 -Evidence based nursing is used to help determine "best practices" Florence Nightingale's beliefs are still the foundation of nursing today. She was responsible for: 1) founding the Ballard School of Practical Nursing 2) the belief that continuing education is necessary for nurses 3) apprenticeship training 4) founding the American Red Cross - Answer- Chapter 1 -2) the belief that continuing education is necessary The training in Nightingale schools varied considerably from that of the U.S. nursing schools. Which statements are incorrect concerning the differences? Select all that apply. - Answer- Chapter 1 -1) The Nightingale program was less organized. -2) Student nurses in the United States worked for minimum wage. -3) Curriculum in American nursing schools was more standardized What are the standards of Nursing Practice (ANA, 2015)? - Answer- Chapter 1 -govern the practice of the profession. These standards for the professional RN protect the nurse, the patient, and the health care agency where nursing care is given. What caused the ANA to propose that the baccalaureate degree be necessary for entry into professional nursing practice? - Answer- Chapter 1 -the push towards professional, unification, and higher educational standards/consistencies for nursing From whom can a LVN/LPN receive a specialty certification? - Answer- Chapter 1 -after completion of an LPN/LVN curriculum and/or licensure, the graduate can seek certification by NAPNES in pharmacology, long term care, and/or IV therapy What are three educational differences between the practical nurse and the RN? - Answer- Chapter 1 -the RN curriculum is many months longer than the 12 to 18 months' curriculum for the practical nurse -the RN is taught more in-depth anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology -the RN is given leadership and management training -the practical nurse spends many more clinical hours in direct patient care during curriculum c When did team nursing evolve? - Answer- Chapter 1 -team nursing evolved in the 1950s and extended into the mid-1970s. How is the productivity level increased with primary nursing? - Answer- Chapter 1 -to increase the level of productivity, ancillary workers supervised by the RN and are trained in multiple functions, such as clerical and housekeeping tasks, vital sign measurement, and phlebotomy What are the six areas in patient centered care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, effeciency, and equitableness What is still considered as one of the seven Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies? and is fully embraces by the nursing community? - Answer- Chapter 1 -Patient Centered Care What are the seven QSEN competencies? - Answer- Chapter 1 -patient-centered care -teamwork -collabortaion evidence-based practice (EBP) -quality improvement (QI) -safety -informatics What encompasses preventive care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -education, prevention What encompasses primary care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -early detection, routine care What encompasses secondary care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -emergency treatment , critical care What encompasses tertiary care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -special care; highly technical services for patients in large geographical area -e.g. hospice What encompasses restorative care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -intermediate follow-up acre, rehabilitation, home care What encompasses continuing (includes tertiary) care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -long-term care, chronic care, personal care, hospice care When and why were diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) by medicare created? - Answer- Chapter 1 -they were created in 1983 as an attempt to contain rising health care costs The DRG system means that a hospital receives a set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis. In turn, what effect did this have on nurses? - Answer- Chapter 1 -it required nurses to provide more supportive documentation of their assessments and identified patient's needs to qualify the facility for medicare reimbursement What are the names of the two national HMOs? (Health Maintenance Organizations) - Answer- Chapter 1 -Kaiser Permanente and U.S. Family Health Plan Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) allows insurance companies to keep premium rates lower and .......? - Answer- Chapter 1 -make insurance coverage of employees less expensive for employers Who may contract with PPO's? - Answer- Chapter 1 -large businesses and insured groups Why is vigilant assessment with documentation more important than ever? - Answer- Chapter 1 -to catch beginning complications before they become serious What are some disadvantages to managed care? - Answer- Chapter 1 -cross-training of personnel to fulfill more than one function -unit secretaries as monitor techs -housekeeping staff performing NA duties -fewer nurses with a large number of patients Assissting a patient with daily hygiene needs is an example of a/an: 1) intervention 2)invasive procedure 3) standard of practice 4) nursing goal - Answer- Chapter 1 -1)intervention As the role of the practical nurse expands, employment oppurtunities have increased as well. Which of the following are appropraite practice setting for the LPN? Select all that apply. 1) a physician's office 2) home health agencies 3) public health 4) ambulatory clinics - Answer- Chapter 1 1) a physician's office 2) home health agenices 4) ambulatory clinics What may influence a person's idea of what the meaning of health is to him or her? - Answer- Chapter 2 -cultural, educational, and social influences Who influenced the traditional view of health in Western culture? - Answer- Chapter 2 -Plato, Aristotle and other philosophers who were concerned only wit biological well-being What is a chronic illness? - Answer- Chapter 2 -develops slowly over a long period and lasts through out life What is an acute illness? - Answer- Chapter 2 -develops suddenly and resolves in a short time What is a terminal illness? - Answer- Chapter 2 -no cure available; ends in death What are the stages of illness? - Answer- 1) Transition stage (onset) 2) Acceptance stage (sick role) 3) Convalescence Stage (recovery) Who is Rene Dubos and who is Halbert Dunn? What did they influence? - Answer- Chapter 2 -influenced current views of health and illness -urged people to look at these concepts in a new way What are some examples of health behavior? - Answer- Chapter 2 -watching dietary intake to avoid becoming overweight, excercising regularly, obtaining available immunizations against communicable diseases, and having regular physical exams What are some examples of illness behavior? - Answer- Chapter 2 -consulting a physician or nurse, consulting the pharmacist, visiting the neighborhood health care clinic, and taking prescribed medications Jane has hypertension and has recently suffered a mild stroke . This diagnosis is an example of a/an? 1) Primary Illness 2) Secondary illness 3) Idiopathic illness 4) Terminal illness - Answer- Chapter 2 -2) secondary illness What influences our basic beliefs about other humans and our relationships with them? - Answer- Chapter 2 -the value we place on human life, our ability to deal with sickness and death, and our decisions about how to behave toward other people In acute illness, which needs are most often compromised on Maslow's Hierarchy of needs? - Answer- Chapter 2 -physiologic In chronic illness, which needs are affected? - Answer- Chapter 2 -all of them may be affected How does self-esteem develop? - Answer- Chapter 2 -from feelings of independence, competence, and self-respect What factors can upset homeostasis? - Answer- Chapter 2 -socialization, education, mental and physical stress, satisfaction, and rewards What is the most crucial factor of homeostasis? - Answer- Chapter 2 -change -stress can come from within the body or the environment What is maladaptation? - Answer- Chapter 2 -adaptation that results in illness is considered maladaptation What is another word for homeostasis? - Answer- Chapter 2 -equilibrium What comprises the central nervous system? - Answer- Chapter 2 -brain and spinal cord What does autonomic mean? - Answer- Chapter 2 -beyond voluntary control What is the autonomic nervous system comprised of? - Answer- Chapter 2 -sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems The sympathetic is also known as? - Answer- Chapter 2 -fight or flight What did Selye believe would happen if the body overreacts in defending itself? - Answer- Chapter 2 -there is a surplus of hormones that are favorable to the development of inflammation, and problems such as allergy, asthma, and arthirits may develop. What happens if the body underreacts? - Answer- Chapter 2 -too many anti-inflammatory hormones are circulating, body defenses are reduced, and serious infection may result What are the stages of GAS? (General Adaptation Syndrome) - Answer- Chapter 2 -alarm stage -stage of resistance -stage of exhaustion When does the stage of exhaustion occur? - Answer- Chapter 2 -occurs if the stressor is severe enough or is present over a long period of time to deplete the body's resources for adaptation A stressor can be helpful or harful depending on the person's........: - Answer- Chapter 2 -degree of health and fitness -perception of the stressor -PREVIOUS LIFE EXPERIENCES AND PERSONALITY -available social support system -personal coping mechanisms A teenage drug addict who has lost numerous jobs states, "I do not have a problem with drugs. Everyone uses them as much as I do. I can quit anytime." This is an example of which coping mechanism? 1)Denial 2) Repression 3)Rationalization 4)Displacement - Answer- Chapter 2 -1) Denial How does excercise promote a feeling of well-being and tranquility? - Answer- Chapter 2 -excercise causes endorphin release What is primary prevention? - Answer- Chapter 2 -avoid or delay occurrence of a disease or disorder what is secondary prevention? - Answer- Chapter 2 -follow screening guidelines for easily treated diseases if found early or detecting disease return What is tertiary prevention? - Answer- Chapter 2 -rehabilitation measures after disease/disorder has stabilized A nurse should minimize stress for a patient whenever possible. Which are common measures to reduce stress? Select all that apply. 1) explaining all procedures 2) listeining carefully and answering all questions 3) ignoring the patient 4) providing privacy - Answer- Chapter 2 1) explaining all procedures 2) listeining carefully and answering all questions 4) providing privacy A charge nurse is reviewing a student's charting. Which descriptive terms are appropriate when charting an assessment? Select all that apply. 1) agitated 2) nauseated 3) fatigued 4) noncompliant - Answer- Chapter 2 1) agitated 2) nauseated 3) fatigued What are endotoxins? - Answer- Chapter 16 -a heat-stable toxin associated with the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released when the cells are disrupted Is there a "good cell" without a nucleus? - Answer- Chapter 16 -Yes, RBC (red blood cell) What does aerobic mean? - Answer- Chapter 16 -need oxygen to grow and thrive What does anaerobic mean? - Answer- Chapter 16 -can grow only without oxygen What is the length and time for results a culture and sensitivity (C&S)? - Answer- Chapter 16 -24 hours preliminary, 72 hours final report What are some examples of "old viruses"? What are some examples of "new viruses"? - Answer- Chapter 16 Old: smallpox, polio, diptheria, HIV New: Ebola, SARS Stopped - Answer-