ATI REVIEW Anatomy & Physiology Exam Questions with Verified Answers

What gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions - Answer- Pancreas Where does the exchange of oxygen take place? - Answer- In the lungs and the tissue of the body What happens to cells in hypertonic solution? - Answer- Cell shrivels and dies; absorbs more salt What happens to to cells in hypotonic solution? - Answer- Cells enlarge and burst; cell absorbs more fluid and has less salt What happens to cells in isotonic solution? - Answer- Cells are normal. Equal amounts of salt and fluid An increase in what electrolyte can cause cardiac irregularities? - Answer- Potassium ( k) What gland regulates the release of testosterone? - Answer- Pituitary gland What part of the brain controls respirations? - Answer- Medulla Increase in this results in stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer- Heart rate Where is renal filtrate formed - Answer- In the glomeruli Where does sperm mature before ejaculation? - Answer- Epididymis Renal afferent arterioles supply blood what - Answer- Glomerulus What stimulates the production of erythrocytes - Answer- Erythropoietin , state of hypoxia What determines skin color - Answer- Melanin in melanocytes What is cushions? - Answer- Hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex, primal cortisol. Trunk of the body is large and extremeties are thin, skin and bones are fragile What blood type is universal recipient - Answer- Type AB What type of blood is universal blood donor - Answer- Type O What is the primary result of the pancreatic dysfunction - Answer- Elevated blood sugar What dysfunction causes yellow sclera? - Answer- Jaundice, elevated bilirubin Chemical buffer that normalizes the PH of 7.30? - Answer- Decrease in H+ ions Increase in what leads to respiratory alkalosis - Answer- Decrease in CO2, hyperventilation, decrease in H+ ions, increase in O2 What can cause black stools? - Answer- High levels of iron or upper GI bleed What regulates the hormone of pituitary gland? - Answer- Hypothalamus After sperm matures in the epididymis it goes where - Answer- Ductus deferens What part of the uterine lining is involved in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle - Answer- Functional layer, endometrium What has to be present in the stomach in order for B12 absorption to occur - Answer- Intrinsic factor (r protein) What do phagocytes do? - Answer- Engulf foreign particles in the blood stream What vitamin is absorbed through the skin - Answer- Vitamin D If a warm body is dropped into cold water, what kind of heat loss takes place? - Answer- Hypothermia, radiant Which direction does the diaphram move with inspiration? - Answer- Contracts and moves downward and expands the chest cavity A+ blood is characterized by absence of what - Answer- B antigen What causes black heads? - Answer- Sebum that traps dirt in the pores Presence of food in the stomach causes secretions by the G cells & it is a hormone that stimulates secretin of greater amounts of gastric juices - Answer- Gastrin Stimulates the production of bile by the duodenum when food enters the small intestine, also stimulates production of bicarbonate juices by the pancreatic enzymes- amylase, lipase, trypsin - Answer- Secretin What is the pace maker of the heart - Answer- SA node Watt is the different heart rates - Answer- SA node- 60-80, av node - 50-60, bundle so his - 15-40, perkinje fibers - 0 What is the largest vessel of the body - Answer- Aorta What heart chamber does blood get pushed back out of the body - Answer- Left ventricle What is the general pathway of blood through the heart? - Answer- Superior vena cava, rt atrium, tricuspid valve, rt ventricle, pulmonary semi- lunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, Lt atrium, bicuspid valve, Lt ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, coronary vessels, body What is the conduction pathway - Answer- SA node, av node, bundle of his, rt and Lt bundle branches, perkinje fibers Characteristic of filtration of fluids through membrane of blood vessels - Answer- Facilitated diffusion Which antibody type mediates the bodies response to an allergen - Answer- IGE Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary notion - Answer- Minimal scar tissue What is a wax like substance secreted by the glands in the ear canal - Answer- Ceremun What is responsible for the regulation of body temperature - Answer- Hypothalamus Production of this is a function of the prostate gland - Answer- Substance to enhance sperm motility What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton - Answer- Symphysis pubis What tissue connects bones to joints - Answer- Ligaments What tissue attaches muscle to bone - Answer- Tendons Which cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart - Answer- Aortic What is the role of platelets in he obtains - Answer- Formation of plugs What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs - Answer- Prevention of callapse What is the event of ovulation - Answer- The Graafian follicle releases the ovum What substance is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens - Answer- Stomach acid When blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart, where does it go next - Answer- Aorta The release of histamine is associated with what - Answer- Mast cells What is the measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the whole blood - Answer- Hematocrit What is a structure of the inner ear - Answer- Cochlea What is the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure - Answer- Vasoconstriction In the process of wound healing, what plays a role in cleaning a wound of cellular debris - Answer- Neutrophils Which of the following blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart - Answer- Superior and inferior vena cava In a normal functioning cardiovascular system where does the heart beat originate - Answer- SA node After passing through the glottis inhaled air travels through what structure - Answer- Larynx What structure located at the end of the ear canal vibrates when sound waves strike it - Answer- Tympanic membrane What structure is located between the descending colon and rectum - Answer- Sigmoid colon What is the result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system - Answer- Increased cardiac output What hormones regulates urine output - Answer- Antidiuretic What type of tissue is under voluntary control - Answer- Skeletal What part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure - Answer- Medulla What electrolyte plays an essential role in blood clotting - Answer- Calcium What is an iron containing component of red blood cells - Answer- Hemoglobin What is the function of the ureters - Answer- To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladders Blood cells are produced by what - Answer- Redbone marrow What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin - Answer- Collagen formation What may indicate hypo secretion of thyroid hormone - Answer- Weight loss What structure is distal to the ascending colon - Answer- Transverse colon What structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange - Answer- Alveoli What blood type can receive only blood of that type - Answer- Type O Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through what process - Answer- Radiation What part of the CNS is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations - Answer- Medulla Testosterone production is regulated by what gland - Answer- Pituitary Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by what gland - Answer- Parathyroid Breast feeding of an infant provides what type of immunity - Answer- Natural passive A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many MLS before involuntary occurs - Answer- 600 What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is excess hydrogen ions in the body - Answer- CO2 What affect of aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels - Answer- Sodium level is increased What is the order of the protective menigeal layers of the brain from inside out - Answer- Pia meater, arachnoid, duramater What is the site of sperm maturation is the male reproductive system - Answer- Epididymis What pituitary hormone stimulates the process of genetogenious - Answer- Follicle stimulating hormone What is the function of the liver - Answer- Lipid metabolism What electrolyte causes cardiac arrhythmias - Answer- Potassium Wit at a tractor prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs - Answer- Epiglottis What hormone is involved in fluid balance produced by the kidneys - Answer- Renin What is the function of the gallbladder - Answer- Storage of bile What occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart - Answer- Ventricle contracts What part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct - Answer- Distule convoluted tubule Hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism - Answer- Calcitonin Average length of the female urethra - Answer- 1-1 1/2 inches Bile aids in the digestion of what - Answer- Fat What valve prevents back flow from the right ventricle into the Rt atrium - Answer- Tricuspid What type of cell is responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms - Answer- Macrophages Hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland - Answer- Anti diuretic hormone What structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid - Answer- Node Straight in the elbow by lowering the hand effects what muscle - Answer- Triceps What are nutrients transported after being absorbed into the blood stream - Answer- Small intestine What structure of the GI system absorbs iron and bile salts - Answer- Ileum What ion is the most abundant in extra cellular fluid - Answer- Sodium What occurs as a result of a release of anti diuretic hormone - Answer- Fluid volume in the body increases Blood ph is measured by the gain and loss of what - Answer- Hydrogen We at is a result process of meiosis - Answer- Sperm and ova are produced What mediates the bodies response to stress - Answer- Cortisol