MED SURG 1 EXAM 2, PT 2. (from review)

MED SURG 1 EXAM 2, PT 2. (from review) • Example of infectious reservoir • Insect • Highest risk for infections? • 90 year old • Example of localized infection • Redness • Hospital acquired surgical infection common cause? • Staphylococcus aureus • Soap & water kills? • C. Diff • Red man syndrome? • Vancomycin • Precautions when dealing with splattering body fluids? • Face shield • Indirect transmission example? • Infected person touches an object another person goes behind them and touches that same object after them. • What orders to prioritize first if you have a bunch of orders to do for an infected patient? • Always collect cultures before administering antibiotics • WBC count with a patient who has an infection • WBC count will be high because it’s trying to fight off the infection • Describe the process with transporting an infected patient • Make sure patient always has a mask on to prevent infection spread • Standard Precautions: • wear gloves, wash hands, act as if all patients are infected • Infections that require airborne precautions? • TB, chicken pox, measles • Infections that require droplet precautions? • Influenza, mumps, pertussis • Infections that require contact precautions. • MRSA, staph, , scabies, impetigo • Describe a positive antibody test? • Exposed to an infection at some point and you have a positive immunity to it • Viral infections examples • Rubella, smallpox, influenza, shingles, measles • What are somethings that put people at risk for infection? • age, HIV, aids, medications, chemo, corticosteroids • Vital signs for shock? • increased heart rate Ex: 120 • Treatment for anaphylactic shock? • Epinephrine, Trendelenburg position. • What causes tachypnea in shock? • Decreased tissue perfusion Question 1 When caring for an elderly patient who is intermittently confused, what is the nurse’s primary concern regarding fluid and electrolytes? 1. Risk of dehydration 2. Risk of kidney damage 3. Risk of stroke 4. Risk of bleeding Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1: As an adult ages, the perception of thirst declines. In an older patient with an altered level of consciousness, there is an increased risk of dehydration and high serum osmolality. Rationale 2: The risk of kidney damage is not specifically related to aging or fluid and electrolyte issues. Rationale 3: The risk of stroke is not specifically related to aging or fluid and electrolyte issues. Rationale 4: The risk of bleeding is not specifically related to aging or fluid and electrolyte issues. Question 2 A patient experiencing multisystem fluid volume deficit has tachycardia and decreased urine output. The nurse realizes these findings are most likely a direct result of which factor? 1. The body’s natural compensatory mechanisms 2. Pharmacologic effects of a diuretic 3. Effects of rapidly infused intravenous fluids 4. Cardiac failure Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1: The body’s vasoconstrictive