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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en zelfstudies van de cursus Algemene Farmacologie Thema 4: Screening van psychoactieve farmaca (BMW30405)

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Deze gedetailleerde samenvatting behandelt alles wat aan bod is gekomen tijdens de hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en zelfstudies van Thema 4: Screening van psychoactieve farmaca van de cursus Algemene Farmacologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht (BMW30405). Hierdoor bevat het alle informatie die nodig is voor het deeltentamen van Thema 4.

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Samenvatting algemene
farmacologie
Thema 4 - Screening van psychoactieve medicijnen


Biomedische Wetenschappen
2020-2021




Door Nicole (studente BMW)

,Inhoudsopgave
Psychoactieve medicijnen......................................................................................................................3
Centraal zenuwstelsel.........................................................................................................................3
Neurotransmitters..........................................................................................................................4
Receptoren.....................................................................................................................................5
Circuits............................................................................................................................................6
Psychofarmaca...................................................................................................................................8
Synaptische neurotransmissie en targets voor psychoactieve stoffen...............................................9
Werking van geneesmiddelen in het centraal zenuwstelsel...........................................................9
Classificatie van psychofarmaca...................................................................................................10
Bloed-hersenbarrière....................................................................................................................11
Noradrenaline...................................................................................................................................12
Functionele aspecten....................................................................................................................13
Serotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine)...................................................................................................14
Pathways......................................................................................................................................16
Receptoren...................................................................................................................................16
Functionele aspecten....................................................................................................................16
Klinisch gebruikte medicijnen.......................................................................................................17
Antidepressiva..................................................................................................................................18
Bijwerkingen.................................................................................................................................19
Classificatie...................................................................................................................................19
Farmacologische effecten.............................................................................................................20
Monoamine theorie van depressie...............................................................................................24
Dopamine.........................................................................................................................................25
Pathways......................................................................................................................................27
Dopamine receptoren...................................................................................................................28
Antipsychotica..................................................................................................................................31
Schizofrenie..................................................................................................................................31
Klassieke antipsychotica...............................................................................................................33
Atypische antipsychotica..............................................................................................................34
GABA (γ-aminoboterzuur)................................................................................................................40
Receptoren...................................................................................................................................42
Benzodiazepines...............................................................................................................................44
Farmacologische effecten.............................................................................................................46
Farmacokinetische effecten..........................................................................................................46

1

, Bijwerkingen.................................................................................................................................47
Screening psychoactieve medicijnen....................................................................................................48
Ontwikkeling van psychofarmaca.....................................................................................................48
Preklinische studies......................................................................................................................49
Screeningmodellen voor anxiolytica.............................................................................................50
Screeningmodellen voor antidepressiva.......................................................................................51
Open field test (OFT)....................................................................................................................52
Screeningmodellen voor antipsychotica.......................................................................................54
Overzicht screening psychoactieve geneesmiddelen.......................................................................59




2

, Psychoactieve medicijnen
Centraal zenuwstelsel
Psychoactieve stoffen werken in op het centraal zenuwstelsel (CZS) en kunnen hierdoor het
bewustzijn en gedrag beïnvloeden. Hiervoor moeten deze stoffen in staat zijn om de bloed-
hersenbarrière te passeren. Er zijn verschillende vormen van psychofarmaca, waarbij er een
onderscheid gemaakt kan worden in recreatief gebruik en therapeutisch gebruik.

Psychoactieve middelen kunnen onderverdeeld worden op basis van hun werking:
 Verdovende middelen (depressants) → Inhiberen de hersenactiviteit en de output hiervan.
 Alcohol
 GHB
 Benzodiazepines
 Opiaten
 Stimulerende middelen (stimulants) → Stimuleren de hersenactiviteit en de output hiervan.
 Amfetamine
 Ritalin
 Cocaïne
 Caffeïne
 Hallucinogenen → Verstoren de zintuiglijke waarnemingen.
 LSD
 Psilocybine
 Mescaline




Figuur 1 Schematisch overzicht van verschillende psychoactieve geneesmiddelen.




3

Connected book
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James M. Ritter, Rod J. Flower Rang
Publisher: jan 2019 ISBN: 9780702074486 Edition: 9

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