urbanization and sustainability 2023 with all complete solutions

why move to city? jobs, better housing, entertainment/fine arts, freedom, social mobility, education, prestige, power (electric), professions, safety problems within cities -1/3 of urban residents have satisfactory sanitation -water shortages -inadequate housing -slums, legal but inadequate -shantytowns illegal aggregations of assorted housing 00:01 01:42 urban sprawl 1. unlimited extension 2. lack of residential and commerical development 3. development consumes farmland 4. issues within local governments 5. dominance of freeways and cars = bad for environment; traffic! 6. no centralized planning or control of land uses 7. strip malls and shopping centers 8. great fiscal disparities among localities 9. deteriorating/ old neighborhoods need to be used for low-income families 10. decaying city centers option to sprawl: smart growth 1. create a positive self-image for the community 2. make downtown vital and livable 3. alleviate substandard housing 4. solve problems with air, water, toxic waste, and noise pollution 5. improve communication between groups 6. improve community member acess to the arts new urbanism: design principles 1. limit size to 30,000-50,000 people 2. maintain greenbelts in and around cities 3. predetermine where development will take place 4. centrally locate shopping and services to reduce/eliminate cars 5. encourage walking 6. promote diverse flexible housing 7. make cities more sustainable (energy, good, water, etc) sustainable development meeting the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. is it possible? rules of communal resource management -generational commitment -resources have defined boundaries -defined community population -the more important the resource, the more commitment from community -all have say in the process -resources are monitored -respect among community members urban agglomeration merging of multiple towns generational commitment our descisions affect the next 7generations (140 years) GPI genuine progess index; takes into account per capita income, quality of life, equity, resource depletion, environmental damage and value of unpaid labor HDI Human Development Index; tracks social progess including life expantancy, education, standards of living (often adjusted for gender via GDI); norway and canada near the top; US 13th and 62nd in evnrionmental protection TOP US CITY Honolulu, 28th in the world 00:00 01:42 US GPI really low, no US cities listed in the top 50; 13th in the world goals for eco-efficient economy -no hazardous material/ eliminate waste -natural capital= prosperity -employment= productivity -buildings with no smokestacks/ dangerous effulents = progress -make governmental regulation unecessary -abundance of biological and cultural diversity -energy from solar income not fosisl fuels transition towns communities planning on improving future environment overview effect if we lived on the moon, we would be able to understand, experience, and see all of the things we know but don't understand (geology, that we work as one system, etc) transportation crucial in city development; public transportation= good for environment; before cars everynoe wanted to live close to city center (so they could walk places, take the public transportation), cars and highways allowed expansion and to build houses far away; sprawl