NCBTMB- Diseases of the Endocrine System

Acromegaly - ANSWER Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults; characterized by hyperglycemia; thickened, coarse skin; and enlargement of the head, jaw, nose, tongue, ears, hands, feet, and some internal organs Cause: usually an adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland Contraindications/indications: none Gigantism - ANSWER Rare hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood; leads to increased bone thickness and length and increased soft tissue thickness; accompanied by hyperglycemia Cause: usually an adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland Contraindications/indications: none Dwarfism - ANSWER Deficiency of growth hormone during childhood; leads to decreased bone growth, short stature, hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, and retarded sexual development Cause: disturbance or trauma to the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary gland Contraindications/indications: none Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER Characterized by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, ADH, from the posterior pituitary gland Cause: inflammation or trauma to the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland; radiation to the hypothalamus Contraindication/indications: refer to doc Graves disease - ANSWER Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, hyperthyroidism; affects 8 to 10 times more women than men, usually between 30 and 50 years of age; leads to increased basal metabolism rate, weight loss, nervousness, fatigue, insomnia, diarrhea, heat sensitivity, increased sweating, tachycardia, and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) Cause: auto immune disorder producing anti-bodies that Bind to the thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH, receptor sites and mimic the action of thyroid stimulating hormone, causing an increase in production of thyroid hormones Contraindications/indications: refer to Dr.; massage is indicated and beneficial if no infection, inflammation, or tumor is present; avoid anterior portion of the neck Myxedema - ANSWER Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in adults, hypothyroidism; characterized by fatigue, slowing of physical and mental activity, swelling around the eyes, cold intolerance, and coarsening of the skin, particularly on the face Cause: damaged thyroid gland; hereditary defects Contraindications/indications: refer to Dr.; massage is indicated if no infection, inflammation, or tumor is present; avoid anterior portion of the neck Cretinism - ANSWER Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in children; similar characteristics to Myedema, including swelling around the eyes, coarsening of the skin, and, depending on the age of onset, variable amounts of retarded bone and brain development Cause: damaged thyroid gland; hereditary defects Contraindications/indications: Refer to Dr.; massage is indicated if no infection, inflammation, or tumor is present; avoid anterior portion of the neck Goiter - ANSWER Enlargement of the thyroid gland Cause: iodine deficiency Contraindications/indications: refer to doctor Iodine - ANSWER The chemical ___ is used as the foundation on which thyroid hormones are formed. Without sufficient amount of dietary ___, The body is not able to produce the proper amounts of thyroid hormone. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER A group of disorders involving the pancreas; characterized by defective insulin response and or utilization Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) - ANSWER Also called juvenile onset diabetes or type one diabetes; characterized by a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas resulting from a reduction in B cells in the pancreatic islet cells; onset is usually before the age of 20; accounts for 10 to 20% of total cases of diabetes; hyperglycemia and polyurea, increased urine production, are common signs; treated with daily insulin injections Cause: genetic susceptibility along with autoimmunity to B cells Contraindications/indications: obtain advise and approval of clients doctor before performing bodywork Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) - ANSWER Also called adult onset diabetes or type two diabetes; often seen in obese patients older than 40 years of age; accounts for most cases of diabetes; treated with exercise and diet therapy Causes: insulin resistance based on decreased receptor sensitivity on target tissues in the body; reduction and insulin production Contraindications/indications: Obtain advice and approval of clients doctor before performing bodywork Cushing disease - ANSWER Characterized by excessive production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex; leads to obesity, weakness, fatigue, menstrual abnormalities, hypertension, and a rounded moon face Cause: Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland; cortisol secreting tumor Contraindications/indications: because of possible complications, all massage should be light and relaxing; energy techniques may be the most effective; obtain approval of clients doctor before performing bodywork if in doubt Addison disease - ANSWER Destruction of the adrenal glands leading to decreased production of adrenal hormones; results in muscle weakness, fatigue, hypotension, nausea, decreased tolerance for stress, and bronzing of the skin owing to increase production of adrenocorticotropic hormone Cause: autoimmunity against the adrenal glands; bacterial or viral infection; cancer Contraindica