RICA Study Tool|graded A

D3-C8: What are the key indicators for reading fluency? The key indicators for reading fluency are accuracy, rate and prosody. D3-C8: Name three factors that can disrupt fluency. Factors that can disrupt fluency are: 1. weak word analysis skills 2. stopping frequently to decode unrecognized or unfamiliar words 3. lack of familiarity with content vocabulary 4. texts that contain a large number of one-use (e.g. lithosphere found in a geography textbook) content words 5. texts that contain a large number of multisyllabic (e.g. arthropod) content words 6. lack of background knowledge 7. lack of familiarity with more complex syntactic structures 00:00 02:01 D3-C8 & C9: Define accuracy, provide an example of an assessment that assesses accuracy, and an instructional strategy for improving accuracy. Accuracy refers to a readers ability to pronounce words correctly when reading orally. Running records may be used to assess accuracy. As the child reads a passage, the teacher documents each error. A 95% accuracy rate is required to classify a student's independent reading level. An instructional strategy that can improve accuracy is word banks. D3-C8 & C9: Define rate, provide an example of an assessment that assesses rate, and a strategy for improving rate. Rate refers to a readers ability to read text in an appropriate rate of speed; not too fast nor too slow. A "one-minute reading sample" may be used to assess rate. It requires the teacher to use a watch and time a student as they read a 200-300 words passage. Errors are recorded for words omitted, substituted, and inserted. Errors are subtracted from words read to calculate students words correct per minute(wcpm). An instructional strategy that can improve rate is independent reading. D3-C8 & C9: Define prosody, provide an example of an assessment that assesses prosody, and a strategy for improving prosody. Prosody refers to a readers ability to read with expression, emphasizing certain words, variation on pitch (intonation), and pausing for punctuations. A "Multidimensional Fluency Scale" may be used to assess prosody. An instructional strategy that can improve prosody is phrase-cued reading. D3-C8: Define automaticity and the automaticity theory. Automaticity is the goal of fluency and refer to swift and accurate reading. The automaticity theory states that two tasks are required during reading; decoding words and understand the meaning of text. If readers are unable to decode words, they will have difficulty comprehending what they are reading. If readers are able to easily decode words, then they can allocate more time to reading comprehension.