BCOR 370 WVU exam 1 Houghton WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS 2023

Organization A systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose Why do we have organizations? -efficiency; to accomplish specific objectives -serve society -provide careers 00:57 01:30 How do organizations accomplish their objectives? -Basic framework of management -Decision Making Basic Framework of Management -Planning -Organizing -Leading -Controlling Management The process of achieving goals, effectively and efficiently through, and with other people. What is scientific management? The use of the scientific method to determine the "one best way" to perform a job or task Frederick Taylor "The Father of Scientific Management" -wrote the first management textbook Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Used scientific management: -motion studies -Brick laying example What is the Legacy of Scientific Management? -Fast efficient assembly lines -techniques used from fast food to surgery -job design, selection, training During the 1920's and 1930's... Management is dominated by "efficiency experts" concentrating on efficiency and productivity above all else What do you see as some of the problems with this approach to management? Emphasis on productivity and profitability resulted in unhappy workers, labor unions and strikes Bureaucracy An organization design marked by specialization, division of labor, authority hierarchies and formal rules and procedures Max Weber Observed that the bureaucracy was the dominant organization type because it was the most efficient Mary Parker Follett Wrote about human factors in the work place Elton Mayo The Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne Effect Money is less a factor in determinig output than group standards, sentiment and security -realized thee importance of individual needs, goals, expectations -Began to apply techniques from psychology and sociology to understanding individuals in the work place Decision Making A process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a problem What is a problem? A situation that occurs when the actual state of affairs differs from the desired state of affairs The Problem Solving Process Problems must be accurately identified and defined Creativity -Ability to produce novel and useful ideas -Key issue in problem solving and decision making -Innate creativity is often stifled by society, schools, and organizations Rational Decision Making Model -Define Problem (investigate situation and determine the cause) -Identify decision criteria -Weigh the criteria -Generate alternatives -Rate alternatives on each criteria -Choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative What is Decision Making in Reality -Bounded Rationality -Satisficing -Institution -Escalation of commitment to a failing course of action