ATI RN Community Health Nursing Study Guide questions and answers latest 2023

ATI RN Community Health Nursing Study Guide questions and answers latest 2023Systems thinking Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other organizations or systems Upstream thinking Is used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill Nightingale's Environmental Theory -Highlights the relationship between an individual's environment and health -Depicts health as a continuum -Emphasizes preventive care Health Belief Model -Purpose is to predict health behaviors -Emphasizes change at the individual level -Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease Milio's Framework for Prevention -Emphasizes change at the community level -Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources Pender's Health Promotion Model -Does not consider health risk as a factor that provokes change -Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal factors, feelings, benefits, barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities Determinants of Health Factors that influence that client's health. -- nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social status Health Indicators Describe the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health -- mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco, or other substance use Community -A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters -The "community is the client" in community health nursing Goals of Community Health Nursing Promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to influence "community health" Public Health Nursing -It is population-focused, and involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and public health sciences -GOAL: promote health and preventing disease PHN: Assessment -Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population --Monitor health status to identify community health problems --Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the community PHN: Policy Development Developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence PHN: Assurance Making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them Population-focused Nursing -Includes assessing to determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population Key Principles of PHN: -Emphasize primary prevention -Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals -Recognize that the client is a partner in health -Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes Ethics Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy Advocacy The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter, and mediator for the client Evidence-Based Practice -Involves using the best practices, expert opinion, and client preferences to change the delivery of client care -GOAL: improve client outcomes EBP: Data The nurse should appraise data collected from research to measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the number of studies, participants, or strength of effect (quantity) and whether the results are repeatable (consistency) Quality Quality assurance, improvement, and management are part of improvement of health care Total quality management (TQM) Approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which meets or exceeds expectations Continuous quality improvement (CQI) Approach to quality management that emphasizes the organization and its processes and systems and uses objective data to analyze and improve processes