Module 1: Developmental Stages and Transitions, 100% SOLVED.

A nurse is providing information to a group of pregnant clients and their partners about the psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the nurse tells the group that infants: Tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to develop a healthy personality Experience frustration to allow an infant to cry for a while before meeting his or her needs Rely on the fact that their needs will be met Ignore needs for short periods to develop a healthy personality - ANSWER Rely on the fact that their needs will be met A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to the pediatrician's office for a scheduled visit. The infant's weight at birth was 6 lb 8 oz. The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb. The nurse should ell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as expected Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced until the infant's weight stabilizes Tell the mother that the infant should be switched from breast milk to formula because the weight gain is inadequate Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings because the weight gain is excessive - ANSWER Tell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as expected A nurse performing a physical assessment of a 12-month-old infant notes that the infant's head circumference is the same as the chest circumference. On the basis of this finding, the nurse should: Suspect the presence of hydrocephalus Tell the mother that the infant is growing faster than expected Suggest to the pediatrician that a skull x-ray be performed Document these measurements in the infant's health-care record - ANSWER Document these measurements in the infant's health-care record A new mother asks the nurse, "I was told that my infant received my antibodies during pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected against infections?" Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother? "The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection." "Yes, your infant is protected from all infections." "If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection." "The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old." - ANSWER The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection." A nurse is assessing the language development of a 9-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone does the nurse expect to note in an infant of this age? Select all that apply. The infant smiles and coos. The infant says "Mama." The infant babbles. Words begin to have meaning for the infant. The infant babbles single consonants. The infant strings vowels and consonants together. - ANSWER The infant says "Mama." Words begin to have meaning for the infant. The infant strings vowels and consonants together. The mother of a 9-month-old infant calls the nurse at the pediatrician's office, tells the nurse that her infant is teething, and asks what can be done to relieve the infant's discomfort. The nurse instructs the mother to: Obtain an over-the-counter (OTC) topical medication for gum-pain relief Rub the infant's gums with baby aspirin that has been dissolved in water Give the infant cool liquids or a Popsicle and hard foods such as dry toast Schedule an appointment with a dentist for a dental evaluation - ANSWER Give the infant cool liquids or a Popsicle and hard foods such as dry toast A nurse is teaching the mother of an 11-month-old infant how to clean the infant's teeth. The nurse tells the mother to Dip the infant's pacifier in maple syrup so that the infant will suck Use diluted fluoride and rub the teeth with a soft washcloth Use a small amount of toothpaste and a soft-bristle toothbrush Use water and a cotton swab and rub the teeth - ANSWER Use water and a cotton swab and rub the teeth A nurse provides information about feeding to the mother of a 6-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding of the information? "Meats are really important for iron, and I should start feeding meats to my infant right away." "I can mix the food in my infant's bottle if he won't eat the food." "Egg white should not be given to my infant because of the risk for an allergy." "Fluoride supplementation is not necessary until permanent teeth come in." - ANSWER "Egg white should not be given to my infant because of the risk for an allergy." A nurse provides instructions to a mother of a newborn infant who weighs 7 lb 2 oz about car safety. The nurse tells the mother: That because of the infant's weight it is acceptable to hold the infant as long as the mother and infant are sitting in the middle of the back seat of the car To secure the infant in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat That it is acceptable to place the infant in the front seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat as long as the car has passenger-side air bags To place the infant in a booster seat in the front seat of the car with the shoulder and lap belts secured around the infant - ANSWER To secure the infant in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat A nurse provides instructions to a mother about crib safety for her infant. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instructions? "I need to keep large toys out of the crib." "The drop side needs to be impossible for my infant to release." "Wood surfaces on the crib need to be free of splinters and cracks." "The distance between the slats needs to be no more than 4 inches (10 cm) wide to prevent entrapment of my infant's head or body." - ANSWER "The distance between the slats needs to be no more than 4 inches wide to prevent entrapment of my infant's head or body." The mother of a 2-year-old tells the nurse that she is very concerned about her child because he has developed "a will of his own" and "acts as if he can control others." The nurse provides information to the mother to alleviate her concern, recalling that, according to Erikson, a toddler is confronting which developmental task? Initiative versus guilt Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus doubt and shame Correct Industry versus inferiority - ANSWER Autonomy versus doubt and shame A nurse is planning care for a hospitalized toddler. To best maintain the toddler's sense of control and security and ease feelings of helplessness and fear, the nurse should: Spend as much time as possible with the toddler Allow the toddler to play with other children in the nursing unit playroom Allow the toddler to select toys from the nursing unit playroom that can be brought into the toddler's hospital room Keep hospital routines as similar as possible to those at home - ANSWER Keep hospital routines as similar as possible to those at home A nurse in a daycare setting is planning play activities for 2- and 3-year-old children. Which of the following toys are most appropriate for these activities? Simple board games and puzzles Blocks and push-pull toys Finger paints and card games Videos and cutting-and-pasting toys - ANSWER Blocks and push-pull toys A mother of twin toddlers tells the nurse that she is concerned because she found her children involved in sex play and didn't know what to do. The nurse should tell the mother: That if the behavior continues, she will need to bring her children to a child psychologist That if she notes the behavior again she should casually tell her children to dress and to direct them to another activity To separate her children during playtime To tell her children that what they are doing is bad and that they will be punished if they are caught doing it again - ANSWER That if she notes the behavior again she should casually tell her children to dress and to direct them to another activity A nurse is assessing the motor development of a 24-month-old child. Which of the following activities would the nurse expect the mother to report that the child can perform? Select all that apply. Dress himself appropriately Align two or more blocks Go to the bathroom without help Put on and tie his shoes Turn the pages of a book one at a time Washing and drying hands - ANSWER • Align two or more blocks • Turn the pages of a book one at a time. Washing and drying hands A nurse is assessing language development in a toddler from a bilingual family. The nurse expects that the child's language development: Is slower than expected Will require assistance from a speech therapist Will need more time to communicate with others Is developing as expected Could exhibit some lack of confidence related to communicating with others Is more advanced than expected - ANSWER Is slower than expected Will need more time to communicate with others Could exhibit some lack of confidence related to communicating with others A mother asks the nurse when her child should have his first dentist visit. The nurse tells the mother: