IGCSE HISTORY
IGCSE HISTORY
CORE CONTENT
- TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- THE LEAGUE OF NATION
- THE COLLAPSE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE
- BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR
- US POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
- SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE
- GULF
1
, IGCSE HISTORY
IGCSE History
The Treaty Of Versailles1919
28th June 1919 took away:
13% land
12.5% population
16% coal elds
nearly 50% iron and steel industry
3⁄4 iron ore.
Guilt: Article 231 appointed blame, called ‘diktat’.
Arms restrictions:
Army (100,000 soldiers)
Navy (6 battleships, 15000 sailors & no submarines)
Airforces forbidden
demilitarized Rhineland
conscription ban
Reparations: 6.6 billion pounds
German Territory:
Alsace Lorraine to France,
Danzig to Poland
West Prussia & Posen form Polish corridor
East Prussia separated from rest of Germany,
Colonies: Togoland, Cameroon, German South West& East Africa
LE: League of the Nations established.
>Treaty of St. Germaine with Austria, 1919:
o Established Anschluss ban
o Imposed reparations
o Reduced army to 30,000 men
o Ended dual monarchy
o Gave Galicia to Poland, Bohemia & Moravia to
Czechoslovakia & Bosnia & Herzegovina to Yugoslavia o Severe economic
problems as a result as industrial
land gone to Czechoslovakia o Displacement of people
>Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 1920:
o Induced economics crisis in Hungary
o Transylvania to Romania, Slovakia & Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia;Slovenia,
Croatia to Yugoslavia
o 3 million Hungarians displaced
>Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria, 1919:
o Gained territory from Turkey.
o Reduced army to 20,000 men armed force
2
fi
, IGCSE HISTORY
o100 million pound reparations
o lost lands to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia, access to Mediterranean Sea.
>Treaty of Sevres with Ottoman Empire, 1920:
o unsuccessful treaty,
o Palestine problem till date.
>Treaty of Lausanne with Ottoman Empire, 1923:
o gave disputed region of Smyrna back to Turkey after Young Turk revolution
The Outcome:
1.Czechoslovakia (carved out of old Austrian empire and Germany - Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Bohemia, & Moravia)
2.Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes)
3.Poland renewed, via Danzig granted access to the sea,
4.Syria and Lebanon TOV: All Germany’s colonies taken and given to France and
Britain as ‘mandates’.
What were the aims of the Big Three?
French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau
realist, wanted punitive peace and compensation
aimed to weaken Germany as much as possible and blame them alone
wanted reparations, compensations for infrastructural damage
Germany broken into smaller confederations
wanted military restrictions
permanent control of Saarland
independent Rhineland
(France been invaded twice since 1870)
American President Woodrow Wilson
idealist, wanted to punish Germany but not too harshly
worried about spread of communism if too weak and revenge from
Germans,
wanted to strengthen democracy based on ’14 points’:
- League of Nations
- self determination
- disarmament
3
IGCSE HISTORY
CORE CONTENT
- TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- THE LEAGUE OF NATION
- THE COLLAPSE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE
- BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR
- US POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
- SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE
- GULF
1
, IGCSE HISTORY
IGCSE History
The Treaty Of Versailles1919
28th June 1919 took away:
13% land
12.5% population
16% coal elds
nearly 50% iron and steel industry
3⁄4 iron ore.
Guilt: Article 231 appointed blame, called ‘diktat’.
Arms restrictions:
Army (100,000 soldiers)
Navy (6 battleships, 15000 sailors & no submarines)
Airforces forbidden
demilitarized Rhineland
conscription ban
Reparations: 6.6 billion pounds
German Territory:
Alsace Lorraine to France,
Danzig to Poland
West Prussia & Posen form Polish corridor
East Prussia separated from rest of Germany,
Colonies: Togoland, Cameroon, German South West& East Africa
LE: League of the Nations established.
>Treaty of St. Germaine with Austria, 1919:
o Established Anschluss ban
o Imposed reparations
o Reduced army to 30,000 men
o Ended dual monarchy
o Gave Galicia to Poland, Bohemia & Moravia to
Czechoslovakia & Bosnia & Herzegovina to Yugoslavia o Severe economic
problems as a result as industrial
land gone to Czechoslovakia o Displacement of people
>Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 1920:
o Induced economics crisis in Hungary
o Transylvania to Romania, Slovakia & Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia;Slovenia,
Croatia to Yugoslavia
o 3 million Hungarians displaced
>Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria, 1919:
o Gained territory from Turkey.
o Reduced army to 20,000 men armed force
2
fi
, IGCSE HISTORY
o100 million pound reparations
o lost lands to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia, access to Mediterranean Sea.
>Treaty of Sevres with Ottoman Empire, 1920:
o unsuccessful treaty,
o Palestine problem till date.
>Treaty of Lausanne with Ottoman Empire, 1923:
o gave disputed region of Smyrna back to Turkey after Young Turk revolution
The Outcome:
1.Czechoslovakia (carved out of old Austrian empire and Germany - Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Bohemia, & Moravia)
2.Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes)
3.Poland renewed, via Danzig granted access to the sea,
4.Syria and Lebanon TOV: All Germany’s colonies taken and given to France and
Britain as ‘mandates’.
What were the aims of the Big Three?
French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau
realist, wanted punitive peace and compensation
aimed to weaken Germany as much as possible and blame them alone
wanted reparations, compensations for infrastructural damage
Germany broken into smaller confederations
wanted military restrictions
permanent control of Saarland
independent Rhineland
(France been invaded twice since 1870)
American President Woodrow Wilson
idealist, wanted to punish Germany but not too harshly
worried about spread of communism if too weak and revenge from
Germans,
wanted to strengthen democracy based on ’14 points’:
- League of Nations
- self determination
- disarmament
3
