ESL Certification Test 2023 with complect solution

Demonstrative pronouns This, that, these, those, none and neither are examples. Direct method A grammatical approach that focuses less on explicit instruction of grammar rules and structures and more on the repetition and memorization of language patterns. Dual-immersion programs Refers to programs in which native and non-native speakers of English work together, with all students learning content and language through two languages. EFL English as a Foreign Language ELL Individuals who are in the process of transitioning from a home or native language to English ESL ( English as a Second Language) A programming model in which linguistically diverse students are instructed in the use of English as a means of communication and learning. This model is often used when native speakers of multiple first languages are present within the same classroom. Formative Evaluations A type of on-going or in process evaluation that allows the teacher to evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson to ensure CLD student comprehension Homophones Words that are pronounced in the same way as one or more other words, but is different in meaning and sometimes spelling, as are "hair" and "hare". Immersion Programs Refers to programs in which native and non-native speakers of English work together, with all students learning content and language through two languages Krashen's Natural Approach The notion of stages of second language acquisition is consistent with what Krashen has referred to as the natural order hypothesis Lau vs. Nichols Equal vs. Equitable treatment for ELL/CLD students LEP An individual who is in the process of acquiring English as his or her second language. (Limited English Proficient) Morphology The study of how words are formed including aspect such as compounds, derivations, and so forth NABE National Association of Bilingual Education Natural Approach This hypothesis asserts that language is acquired in a more or less natural order - a predictable sequence of progression Phonology The study of sounds in speech, including their distribution and pronunciation Semantics The study of the meaning in language; the analysis of the meaning of words, phrases, sentences Silent period The first stage of the process of second language acquisition, the preproduction stage, is often called the silent period because the CLD students may not communicate during this period except in nonverbal ways. Stages of second-language development Preproduction, Early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency