CNIM - ABRET Practice Exam (SOLVED)

Cavities inside the skull - ANSWER Anterior/middle/posterior fossa Cranial bones - ANSWER Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (unpaired). Parietal & temporal (paired). Mental protuberance - ANSWER chin bone MCA supply of the cerebral cortex - ANSWER Hand + face/mouth/auditory Cranial nerves - ANSWER -12 pairs (Mixed fibers: sensory/motor/both). -Emerge @ irregular intervals from the brain. -Nuclei displacement: Motor = medial Sensory = lateral Meckle's Cave - ANSWER Depression in the medial middle fossa where CN V ganglion sits Low frequency sounds - ANSWER @ apex of cochlea Area of spine w/ small pedicles, long spinous process, large inter-vertebral foramen - ANSWER Thoracic Neuroforamen - ANSWER Opening w/in the spinal canal for nerve roots to enter the SC Firm outer layer of the disc - ANSWER Annulus fibrosis Syrinx - ANSWER Fluid-filled cavity @ center of the SC Spinal cord ends @ the level btwn: - ANSWER L1-L2 vertebrae (Conus Medullaris) Blood supply to the SC consists of: - ANSWER 1 ASA for both MEP tracts Hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER Depends on body position Structural functional anatomy may be altered by: - ANSWER Previous lesions, current, plasticity, pressure Glia cell - ANSWER Comes from the Greek word "glue" Large diameter nerve fiber (vs. small diameter) - ANSWER -Recruited 1st w/ INC'd stim intensity -Higher conduction velocity -More vulnerable to hypoxia & pressure Δ's Synaptic transmission, and/or Δ's in thalamocortical projections, produce - ANSWER Cortical potentials Peripheral nerve sensitivity - ANSWER Least sensitive to injury (more sensitive = SC grey/white mater, cortical grey matter) Cavernous angiomas - ANSWER Multi-lobulated lesions containing hemorrhage Geriatric population: prevalence of temporal bone hyperostosis - ANSWER 10-15% Presbycusis - ANSWER High freq hearing loss; gradually occurs in older individuals Most commonly injured CN - ANSWER Facial nerve (VII) Burst fracture - ANSWER -Break in the vertebra -Failure of anterior & middle vertebral columns -Caused by violent compressive event (fall, MVA) Excessive neck flexion in sitting position - ANSWER Quadraparesis (due to ischemia in upper T-spine) Lhermittes Sign - ANSWER Shocking sensation that occurs throughout the body during neck flexion Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) - ANSWER -Sacral sparing -Loss of sensory/motor fx @ level of injury -Disruption of grey matter (+) Babinski Sign could indicate - ANSWER -severe [UMN] SC trauma -abnml PTN SSEPs Hoffman's Reflex (1918) - ANSWER Palmar flexion of the thumb when the distal phalanx of the middle finger (of the same hand) is rapidly stroked A nml curve of the lumbar spine taking place @ 1-2 y/o - ANSWER Kyphosis Scoliosis progression in peds - ANSWER More likely in girls boys Apraxia - ANSWER Difficulty w/ skilled mvmnts Neurapraxia - ANSWER PNS disorder: blockage of sensory + motor nerve conduction (w/o axonal damage) INC venous pressure leads to - ANSWER -venous congestion; DEC drainage of nml veins; chronic hypoxia -NOT hypotension