Revaki
Statistiek en
onderzoeksmethodologi
e2
2de bachelor Kinesitherapie en Revalidatiewetenschappen Universiteit Antwerpen
,Inhoud
1) Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................5
1.1) Begrippen....................................................................................................................................5
1.2) Kinantropometrie........................................................................................................................5
1.2.1) lichaamsdimensies................................................................................................................6
1.2.2) lichaamsverhoudingen.........................................................................................................6
1.2.3) lichaamstype en vorm..........................................................................................................6
1.2.4) lichaamssamenstelling..........................................................................................................6
1.2.5) maturiteit.............................................................................................................................6
1.3) toepassing kinantropometrie......................................................................................................7
1.3.1) groei.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2) sport.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.3) gezondheid...........................................................................................................................7
1.3.4) voeding.................................................................................................................................7
1.3.5) ergonomie............................................................................................................................7
1.3.6) beroep..................................................................................................................................7
2) meten van de menselijke grootte.......................................................................................................8
2.1) instrumenten...............................................................................................................................8
2.1.1) soorten.................................................................................................................................8
2.1.2) criteria..................................................................................................................................9
2.1.3) invloed keuze instrumenten op resultaat.............................................................................9
2.2) meetprocedure..........................................................................................................................10
2.2.1) referentiepunten................................................................................................................10
2.2.2) beschrijving antropometrische meting...............................................................................11
3) lichaamsverhoudingen.....................................................................................................................14
3.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................14
3.2) indexen......................................................................................................................................15
Structurele of constitutie indexen................................................................................................15
Verhoudingsindexen deel lichaam / LL.........................................................................................17
Verhoudingsindexen deel lichaam / ander deel...........................................................................18
Antropometrische metingen........................................................................................................19
4) menselijke vorm...............................................................................................................................20
4.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................20
, 4.1.1) Mensen klasseren...............................................................................................................20
4.1.2) Hippocrates........................................................................................................................20
4.2) verschillende methodes bepaling morfologische constitutietype.............................................21
4.2.1) somatometrische bepaling.................................................................................................21
4.2.2) descriptieve methode.........................................................................................................22
4.2.3) componentenclassificatie...................................................................................................23
4.3) somatotype van Heath & carter................................................................................................23
4.3.1) componenten bepalen.......................................................................................................24
4.3.2) beschrijving morfologische constitutie...............................................................................24
5) lichaamssamenstelling.....................................................................................................................27
5.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................27
5.2) niveaus om lichaamssamenstelling te bepalen.........................................................................27
5.2.1) het Five-level-model...........................................................................................................27
5.3) directe en indirecte metingen voor lichaamssamenstelling......................................................31
5.3.1) meten lichaamssamenstelling............................................................................................31
5.3.2) belangrijke tabel.................................................................................................................31
5.4) componenten-modellen voor lichaamssamenstelling...............................................................32
5.4.1) twee componenten model.................................................................................................32
5.4.2) Multicomponenten het 3 componenten model.................................................................32
5.5) methoden voor bepaling lichaamssamenstelling......................................................................33
5.5.1) DEXA...................................................................................................................................33
5.5.2) onderwatermeting..............................................................................................................34
5.5.3) antropometrie voor bepalen lichaamssamenstelling.........................................................37
5.5.4) BIA......................................................................................................................................41
5.5.5) Referentiewaarden.............................................................................................................44
1) Inleiding............................................................................................................................................45
1.1) meetniveau bepalen..................................................................................................................45
1.2) parametrisch <-> niet parametrisch..........................................................................................45
1.3) Niet gepaard (onafhankelijk) <-> gepaard (afhankelijk).............................................................46
1.4) toetsen van hypothesen............................................................................................................46
1.5) Eenzijdig <-> tweezijdig.............................................................................................................47
1.6) normaliteit testen......................................................................................................................48
1.7) beslissingsboom........................................................................................................................48
1.8) Werken met SPSS......................................................................................................................48
, 2) kruistabellen, X2 test, exacte test van Fisher en McNemar...............................................................49
2.1) kruistabellen..............................................................................................................................49
2.1.1) werking...............................................................................................................................49
2.2) X2 test (RxK)...............................................................................................................................51
2.2.1) test van Fisher....................................................................................................................52
2.3) McNemar test............................................................................................................................53
2.4) Opmerkingen.............................................................................................................................53
Correlatie..............................................................................................................................................55
3.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................55
3.2) voorbeeld 1: Pearson correlatiecoëfficiënt................................................................................55
3.2.1) voorbeeld...........................................................................................................................55
3.2.2) Pearson correlatiecoëfficiënt bepalen................................................................................55
3.3) voorbeeld 2: Spearman correlatiecoëfficiënt............................................................................58
3.4) correlatiecoëfficiënt..................................................................................................................59
3.4.1) vragen.................................................................................................................................59
3.4.2) let op..................................................................................................................................60
3.5) correlatie VS causaliteit.............................................................................................................61
4) T-testen en hun niet-parametrische analogen.................................................................................62
4.1) One samples t-test....................................................................................................................62
Werking........................................................................................................................................62
Output..........................................................................................................................................62
Interpreteren................................................................................................................................63
4.2) Wilcoxon rangtekentest............................................................................................................64
Werking........................................................................................................................................64
Output..........................................................................................................................................64
interpretatie.................................................................................................................................64
4.3) Onafhankelijke of niet-gepaarde t-test......................................................................................65
Werking........................................................................................................................................65
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................65
Interpretatie.................................................................................................................................65
4.4) Mann-Whitney U test................................................................................................................66
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................66
4.5) Afhankelijke of gepaarde t-test.................................................................................................67
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................67
Statistiek en
onderzoeksmethodologi
e2
2de bachelor Kinesitherapie en Revalidatiewetenschappen Universiteit Antwerpen
,Inhoud
1) Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................5
1.1) Begrippen....................................................................................................................................5
1.2) Kinantropometrie........................................................................................................................5
1.2.1) lichaamsdimensies................................................................................................................6
1.2.2) lichaamsverhoudingen.........................................................................................................6
1.2.3) lichaamstype en vorm..........................................................................................................6
1.2.4) lichaamssamenstelling..........................................................................................................6
1.2.5) maturiteit.............................................................................................................................6
1.3) toepassing kinantropometrie......................................................................................................7
1.3.1) groei.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2) sport.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.3) gezondheid...........................................................................................................................7
1.3.4) voeding.................................................................................................................................7
1.3.5) ergonomie............................................................................................................................7
1.3.6) beroep..................................................................................................................................7
2) meten van de menselijke grootte.......................................................................................................8
2.1) instrumenten...............................................................................................................................8
2.1.1) soorten.................................................................................................................................8
2.1.2) criteria..................................................................................................................................9
2.1.3) invloed keuze instrumenten op resultaat.............................................................................9
2.2) meetprocedure..........................................................................................................................10
2.2.1) referentiepunten................................................................................................................10
2.2.2) beschrijving antropometrische meting...............................................................................11
3) lichaamsverhoudingen.....................................................................................................................14
3.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................14
3.2) indexen......................................................................................................................................15
Structurele of constitutie indexen................................................................................................15
Verhoudingsindexen deel lichaam / LL.........................................................................................17
Verhoudingsindexen deel lichaam / ander deel...........................................................................18
Antropometrische metingen........................................................................................................19
4) menselijke vorm...............................................................................................................................20
4.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................20
, 4.1.1) Mensen klasseren...............................................................................................................20
4.1.2) Hippocrates........................................................................................................................20
4.2) verschillende methodes bepaling morfologische constitutietype.............................................21
4.2.1) somatometrische bepaling.................................................................................................21
4.2.2) descriptieve methode.........................................................................................................22
4.2.3) componentenclassificatie...................................................................................................23
4.3) somatotype van Heath & carter................................................................................................23
4.3.1) componenten bepalen.......................................................................................................24
4.3.2) beschrijving morfologische constitutie...............................................................................24
5) lichaamssamenstelling.....................................................................................................................27
5.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................27
5.2) niveaus om lichaamssamenstelling te bepalen.........................................................................27
5.2.1) het Five-level-model...........................................................................................................27
5.3) directe en indirecte metingen voor lichaamssamenstelling......................................................31
5.3.1) meten lichaamssamenstelling............................................................................................31
5.3.2) belangrijke tabel.................................................................................................................31
5.4) componenten-modellen voor lichaamssamenstelling...............................................................32
5.4.1) twee componenten model.................................................................................................32
5.4.2) Multicomponenten het 3 componenten model.................................................................32
5.5) methoden voor bepaling lichaamssamenstelling......................................................................33
5.5.1) DEXA...................................................................................................................................33
5.5.2) onderwatermeting..............................................................................................................34
5.5.3) antropometrie voor bepalen lichaamssamenstelling.........................................................37
5.5.4) BIA......................................................................................................................................41
5.5.5) Referentiewaarden.............................................................................................................44
1) Inleiding............................................................................................................................................45
1.1) meetniveau bepalen..................................................................................................................45
1.2) parametrisch <-> niet parametrisch..........................................................................................45
1.3) Niet gepaard (onafhankelijk) <-> gepaard (afhankelijk).............................................................46
1.4) toetsen van hypothesen............................................................................................................46
1.5) Eenzijdig <-> tweezijdig.............................................................................................................47
1.6) normaliteit testen......................................................................................................................48
1.7) beslissingsboom........................................................................................................................48
1.8) Werken met SPSS......................................................................................................................48
, 2) kruistabellen, X2 test, exacte test van Fisher en McNemar...............................................................49
2.1) kruistabellen..............................................................................................................................49
2.1.1) werking...............................................................................................................................49
2.2) X2 test (RxK)...............................................................................................................................51
2.2.1) test van Fisher....................................................................................................................52
2.3) McNemar test............................................................................................................................53
2.4) Opmerkingen.............................................................................................................................53
Correlatie..............................................................................................................................................55
3.1) inleiding.....................................................................................................................................55
3.2) voorbeeld 1: Pearson correlatiecoëfficiënt................................................................................55
3.2.1) voorbeeld...........................................................................................................................55
3.2.2) Pearson correlatiecoëfficiënt bepalen................................................................................55
3.3) voorbeeld 2: Spearman correlatiecoëfficiënt............................................................................58
3.4) correlatiecoëfficiënt..................................................................................................................59
3.4.1) vragen.................................................................................................................................59
3.4.2) let op..................................................................................................................................60
3.5) correlatie VS causaliteit.............................................................................................................61
4) T-testen en hun niet-parametrische analogen.................................................................................62
4.1) One samples t-test....................................................................................................................62
Werking........................................................................................................................................62
Output..........................................................................................................................................62
Interpreteren................................................................................................................................63
4.2) Wilcoxon rangtekentest............................................................................................................64
Werking........................................................................................................................................64
Output..........................................................................................................................................64
interpretatie.................................................................................................................................64
4.3) Onafhankelijke of niet-gepaarde t-test......................................................................................65
Werking........................................................................................................................................65
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................65
Interpretatie.................................................................................................................................65
4.4) Mann-Whitney U test................................................................................................................66
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................66
4.5) Afhankelijke of gepaarde t-test.................................................................................................67
Outcome.......................................................................................................................................67
