CHM-130 - Exam 1 - Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 2023 Update

Chemistry - ANS-The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter Scientific Method - ANS-The process of making observations, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and developing a theory that explains a natural event 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experimenet 4. Conclusion or theory - ANS-What are the four steps of the scientific method? Chemical - ANS-A substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found Experiment - ANS-A procedure that tests the validity of a hypothesis; control group, experiment group, and variables are used Hypothesis - ANS-An unverified explanation of a natural phenomenon Observation - ANS-Information determined by noting and recording a natural phenomenon Theory - ANS-An explanation of an observation that has been validated by repeated experiments that support a hypothesis Conversion Factor - ANS-A ratio in which the numerator and denominator are quantities from an equality or given relationship Density - ANS-The relationship of the mass of an object to its volume, expressed as g/cm3, g/mL, gL What is the equation for density? - ANS-d = m/V Equality - ANS-A relationship between two units that measure the same quantity Exact number - ANS-A number obtained by counting or definition Mass - ANS-A measure of the quantity of material in an object Measured number - ANS-A number obtained when a quantity is determined by using a measuring device Metric System - ANS-A system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world Prefix - ANS-The part of the name of a metric unit that precedes the base unit and specifies the size of the measurements; all prefixes are related on a decimal scale Scientific notation - ANS-A form of writing larger and small numbers using a coefficient that is greater than 1 but less than 10, followed by a power of 10 meter (m) - ANS-What is the metric unit of length? 1 m = 1.094 yd 1 m = 39.37 in. 1 m = 100 cm 2.54 cm = 1 in. - ANS-What are some common conversions of length? liter (L) - ANS-What is the metric unit of volume? 1 m3 = 1000 L 1 L = 1000 mL 1 mL = 1m3 1 L = 1.057 qt 946.3 mL = 1 qt - ANS-What are some common conversions of volume? gram (g) - ANS-What is the metric unit of mass? 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kg = 2.205 lb 453.6 g = 1 lb - ANS-What are some common conversions of mass? degree Celsius (*C) - ANS-What is the metric unit of temperature? second (s) - ANS-What is the metric unit of time? 1 day = 24 h 1 h = 60 min 1 min = 60 s - ANS-What are some common conversions of time? 1. All non-zero digits are significant 2. Any zero in between significant figures is significant 3. Any zero that is after the decimal place and has a significant figure somewhere in front of it, is significant Continues...