Chapter 1
Christopher Columbus
Arrived in America on October 12th 1492
o Names San Salvador (the Island he landed on)
Believed that he was the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
First man to enslave Native Americans.
Native Americans
Pueblos : Farmers
Apache: Warriors
Sioux: Buffalo Herders
Iroquois: Farmer and warriors. Considered the most sophisticated, because
they were clean, had a population of ± 100 million and they built great
cities.
St. Augustine was founded in 1565, the first settlement of the Spanish.
Chapter 2
Amerigo Vespucci
The first person to call the America’s a new continent.
America is named after him
Spanish conquest
Spanish send a fleet to conquer the America. They were driven away by the
Natives and failed.
Chapter 3
Virginia Company
Group of rich London investors
Went bankrupt in 1624 – English government took over
Jamestown
Founded May 20th 1607
First successful British settlement
Named after King James
1609 – 1610: starving time
o 60 survivors out of 500
John Smith
Leader of Jamestown.
Helped by Pocahontas to survive.
John Rolfe
Discovered how to cure Tobacco.
Married Pocahontas.
Indentured Servant
Promised to work for an employer for an agreed number of years in
exchange for food and clothing.
They were usually criminals from England.
August 1619 – first black “indentured servants” were sold
,House of Burgess
Elected representatives from the settlements met to advise the governor.
First meeting in August 1619
Roanoke Island
Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in July 1585.
When Sir Raleigh returned all the people were gone.
Chapter 4
Pilgrims
Puritans
Congressionalist chose their own leader
Fled from England to the Netherlands. Then they convinced the Virginia
Company to sail them to America from Delfshaven (Rotterdam).
o Sailed on the Mayflower
The mayflower
The mayflower compact.
o Agreement written on the mayflower that said they were to set up a
government and to make equal laws.
o Signed by all 41 men on the mayflower
Arrived November 9, 1620 on Cape Cod.
o Named it Plymouth
Squanto
Spanish Slave
o Fled to England
Taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn
First Thanksgiving
Deer meat was signature dish (not Turkey)
Native Americans weren’t invited; they came out of the blue, uninvited.
Used to be a church day
Became national holiday in 1864
John Winthrop
Wrote City on a hill
o The rest of the world looks up to them as an example
o Americans still believe this
Roger Williams
Separated Church and State
Founded Rhode Island
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania in 1681
Belonged to the Society of Friends (Quakers)
o They refused to take oaths/take part in wars
Promised religious freedom
,Manhattan
Bought by first Dutch Governor for 24 dollars
Dutch thought they bought the land
Shinnecock thought they bought the right to share.
Chapter 5
13 Original colonies
New England: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
o Mostly English people
Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
o More tolerant to other religions
o Many different kinds of ethnic groups
South Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
o Racist Bastards
Tidewater
Period of settlement in which all the people lived less than fifty miles from the
coast
Daniel Boone
Led a party of settlers into the mountains
He cut a track through the forested Cumberland Cap
o Called it the wilderness road
o He did it because many wanted to move to the west because of bad
soil
The frontier
The place where English settlements stopped and the forest homelands of the
Native Americans began.
The frontier life
The English that lived close to the frontier (and pushed the frontier
westward) lived this life.
Nearest neighbour is a day‘s travel
o The people had to be independent
Attitude
o Be independent and though
o Work together
This life helped democratic ideas to flourish
Chapter 6
French-British war
The French claimed Louisiana & Canada
French trading post in New Orleans
1756 – French and Indian war
Also known as 7-year-war
Native Americans sided with the French
English won
1763 – Peace of Paris
, France gave up its claim to Canada and Louisiana
George III
Forbade the colonists to settle west of the Appalachians until treaties were
made
Raised import taxes (because of the war)
Told the Americans to feed and shelter the British soldiers
1765 – Stamp act
Colonists had to buy special tax stamps and attach them to newspapers,
licenses and legal papers.
Used to raise money for the defence of the colonies
1765 – Stamp Act Congress
Organised opposition against the stamp act
Refused to sell British goods until the act was withdrawn
Declaratory act
Stated that the British had full power and authority over the colonies and the
people of America whatsoever
New taxes
In 1767 the British placed new taxes on important things like tea, paper
and paint
o A special customs office was set up in Boston to collect duties
o Colonists refused to pay
In 1770 all duties were removed except for the ones on tea.
March 5 1770 – Boston Massacre
Mob attacked British soldiers. Someone tried to take a soldiers gun and the
soldier shot him. More shots were fired and killed a total of 3 men.
December 1773 – Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed as Native Americans boarded a British ship and threw 342
cases of tea into the sea.
Intolerable acts
Boston harbour was closed to all trade until the tea was paid for.
September 1774: group of colonial leaders met in Philadelphia and formed the
First Continental Congress to oppose the British oppression. They claimed to be
loyal to the British king.
Samuel Adams
“No taxation without representation”
Wrote an article about the Boston Massacre
Chapter 7
April 18, 1775
700 soldiers were ordered to seize weapons and ammunition from the
rebels
They were stopped by minutemen. Shot them, 8 died.
, When weapons/ammunition was destroyed they were faced by more
minutemen. The minutemen killed 273 soldiers
May 1775
Second continental congress met in Philadelphia to act as American government.
They gave George Washington an army of 17,000 men. He was chosen because
he was a rich Virginian landowner. He would gain the support of Virginia.
Declaration of Independence
July 4th, 1776
Written by Thomas Jefferson
o Landowner/Lawyer who would later become the American
ambassador in France
Declared independence from the British
Inspired revolutions in other countries (French)
Thomas Paine
Writer of Common Sense
o Convinced the Americans to break with the British
Writer of The Crisis
o Rallied Americans in the war
War of independence
French sided with the Americans (in February 1778)
o If Britain were to send a large army to the USA, the French would
attach Britain
New York city captured in September 1777
October 1777: British Army trapped & starved in Saratoga. British
surrendered
September 1781: General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington in
Yorktown
September 1783: Treaty of Paris was signed
Benjamin Franklin
American Ambassador to France
Used the news of Saratoga to persuade the French to join the war
Marquis de Lafayette
French aristocrat
Served without pay in the war of independence to avenge his father
Seen as hero by Americans
Chapter 8
States acted as independent nations
1781 - Articles of confederation
The agreement that set up a plan for the stated to cooperate
Central government was very weak. It has rights but no power to impose
them
1787 Constitutional Convention
Meeting of delegates of each state
Christopher Columbus
Arrived in America on October 12th 1492
o Names San Salvador (the Island he landed on)
Believed that he was the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
First man to enslave Native Americans.
Native Americans
Pueblos : Farmers
Apache: Warriors
Sioux: Buffalo Herders
Iroquois: Farmer and warriors. Considered the most sophisticated, because
they were clean, had a population of ± 100 million and they built great
cities.
St. Augustine was founded in 1565, the first settlement of the Spanish.
Chapter 2
Amerigo Vespucci
The first person to call the America’s a new continent.
America is named after him
Spanish conquest
Spanish send a fleet to conquer the America. They were driven away by the
Natives and failed.
Chapter 3
Virginia Company
Group of rich London investors
Went bankrupt in 1624 – English government took over
Jamestown
Founded May 20th 1607
First successful British settlement
Named after King James
1609 – 1610: starving time
o 60 survivors out of 500
John Smith
Leader of Jamestown.
Helped by Pocahontas to survive.
John Rolfe
Discovered how to cure Tobacco.
Married Pocahontas.
Indentured Servant
Promised to work for an employer for an agreed number of years in
exchange for food and clothing.
They were usually criminals from England.
August 1619 – first black “indentured servants” were sold
,House of Burgess
Elected representatives from the settlements met to advise the governor.
First meeting in August 1619
Roanoke Island
Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in July 1585.
When Sir Raleigh returned all the people were gone.
Chapter 4
Pilgrims
Puritans
Congressionalist chose their own leader
Fled from England to the Netherlands. Then they convinced the Virginia
Company to sail them to America from Delfshaven (Rotterdam).
o Sailed on the Mayflower
The mayflower
The mayflower compact.
o Agreement written on the mayflower that said they were to set up a
government and to make equal laws.
o Signed by all 41 men on the mayflower
Arrived November 9, 1620 on Cape Cod.
o Named it Plymouth
Squanto
Spanish Slave
o Fled to England
Taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn
First Thanksgiving
Deer meat was signature dish (not Turkey)
Native Americans weren’t invited; they came out of the blue, uninvited.
Used to be a church day
Became national holiday in 1864
John Winthrop
Wrote City on a hill
o The rest of the world looks up to them as an example
o Americans still believe this
Roger Williams
Separated Church and State
Founded Rhode Island
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania in 1681
Belonged to the Society of Friends (Quakers)
o They refused to take oaths/take part in wars
Promised religious freedom
,Manhattan
Bought by first Dutch Governor for 24 dollars
Dutch thought they bought the land
Shinnecock thought they bought the right to share.
Chapter 5
13 Original colonies
New England: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
o Mostly English people
Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
o More tolerant to other religions
o Many different kinds of ethnic groups
South Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
o Racist Bastards
Tidewater
Period of settlement in which all the people lived less than fifty miles from the
coast
Daniel Boone
Led a party of settlers into the mountains
He cut a track through the forested Cumberland Cap
o Called it the wilderness road
o He did it because many wanted to move to the west because of bad
soil
The frontier
The place where English settlements stopped and the forest homelands of the
Native Americans began.
The frontier life
The English that lived close to the frontier (and pushed the frontier
westward) lived this life.
Nearest neighbour is a day‘s travel
o The people had to be independent
Attitude
o Be independent and though
o Work together
This life helped democratic ideas to flourish
Chapter 6
French-British war
The French claimed Louisiana & Canada
French trading post in New Orleans
1756 – French and Indian war
Also known as 7-year-war
Native Americans sided with the French
English won
1763 – Peace of Paris
, France gave up its claim to Canada and Louisiana
George III
Forbade the colonists to settle west of the Appalachians until treaties were
made
Raised import taxes (because of the war)
Told the Americans to feed and shelter the British soldiers
1765 – Stamp act
Colonists had to buy special tax stamps and attach them to newspapers,
licenses and legal papers.
Used to raise money for the defence of the colonies
1765 – Stamp Act Congress
Organised opposition against the stamp act
Refused to sell British goods until the act was withdrawn
Declaratory act
Stated that the British had full power and authority over the colonies and the
people of America whatsoever
New taxes
In 1767 the British placed new taxes on important things like tea, paper
and paint
o A special customs office was set up in Boston to collect duties
o Colonists refused to pay
In 1770 all duties were removed except for the ones on tea.
March 5 1770 – Boston Massacre
Mob attacked British soldiers. Someone tried to take a soldiers gun and the
soldier shot him. More shots were fired and killed a total of 3 men.
December 1773 – Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed as Native Americans boarded a British ship and threw 342
cases of tea into the sea.
Intolerable acts
Boston harbour was closed to all trade until the tea was paid for.
September 1774: group of colonial leaders met in Philadelphia and formed the
First Continental Congress to oppose the British oppression. They claimed to be
loyal to the British king.
Samuel Adams
“No taxation without representation”
Wrote an article about the Boston Massacre
Chapter 7
April 18, 1775
700 soldiers were ordered to seize weapons and ammunition from the
rebels
They were stopped by minutemen. Shot them, 8 died.
, When weapons/ammunition was destroyed they were faced by more
minutemen. The minutemen killed 273 soldiers
May 1775
Second continental congress met in Philadelphia to act as American government.
They gave George Washington an army of 17,000 men. He was chosen because
he was a rich Virginian landowner. He would gain the support of Virginia.
Declaration of Independence
July 4th, 1776
Written by Thomas Jefferson
o Landowner/Lawyer who would later become the American
ambassador in France
Declared independence from the British
Inspired revolutions in other countries (French)
Thomas Paine
Writer of Common Sense
o Convinced the Americans to break with the British
Writer of The Crisis
o Rallied Americans in the war
War of independence
French sided with the Americans (in February 1778)
o If Britain were to send a large army to the USA, the French would
attach Britain
New York city captured in September 1777
October 1777: British Army trapped & starved in Saratoga. British
surrendered
September 1781: General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington in
Yorktown
September 1783: Treaty of Paris was signed
Benjamin Franklin
American Ambassador to France
Used the news of Saratoga to persuade the French to join the war
Marquis de Lafayette
French aristocrat
Served without pay in the war of independence to avenge his father
Seen as hero by Americans
Chapter 8
States acted as independent nations
1781 - Articles of confederation
The agreement that set up a plan for the stated to cooperate
Central government was very weak. It has rights but no power to impose
them
1787 Constitutional Convention
Meeting of delegates of each state
