WGU C785 Final Exam | final exam with complete solution

WGU C785 Final Exam What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? (ANS- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? (ANS- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? (ANS- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? (ANS- Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? (ANS- hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? (ANS- hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? (ANS- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? (ANS- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? (ANS- Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: (ANS- Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? (ANS- chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? (ANS- bond between positive and negative what is a hydrogen bond? (ANS- weak bond between positive and negative with an amino? (ANS- piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3 what is a carboyxl? (ANS- piece of amino acid, COO or COOH What is hydrophobic? (ANS- Doesn't like water, end with CH what is hydrophilic? (ANS- Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH what is disulfide bond? (ANS- strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's. what are zwitterions? (ANS- amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero