TEST BANK
Campbell Biology in Focus, AP® Edition
Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky & Jane B. Reece
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 9
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 48
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell 80
Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 97
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 120
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 139
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 163
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle 181
Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 195
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 210
Chapter 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 227
Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 239
Chapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to Protein 256
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 278
Chapter 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 290
Chapter 17 Viruses 298
Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Evolution 308
Chapter 19 Descent with Modification 316
Chapter 20 Phylogeny 330
Chapter 21 The Evolution of Populations 348
Chapter 22 The Origin of Species 368
Chapter 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution 389
Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 402
Chapter 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 428
Chapter 26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi 446
Chapter 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity 480
Chapter 28 Plant Structure and Growth 504
Chapter 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 517
Chapter 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 540
Chapter 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 554
Chapter 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling 570
Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition 598
Chapter 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 614
Chapter 35 The Immune System 635
Chapter 36 Reproduction and Development 657
Chapter 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 683
Chapter 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 702
,Chapter 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior 726
Chapter 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 746
Chapter 41 Species Interactions 776
Chapter 42 Ecosystems and Energy 793
Chapter 43 Global Ecology and Conservation Biology 816
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
Chapter 1—Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a
A) community.
B) ecosystem.
C) family.
D) population.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of the
environment with which organisms interact is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
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Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
D) a population.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) All of the organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known as
A) a biological system.
B) a biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Which of the following types of cells lack a nucleus?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
8) Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of
inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology?
A) systems biology
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) mutualism
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
9) Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are
classified as prokaryotes?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
ANS: E PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and
quantitative data. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups.
B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other.
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2|Page
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,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
C) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground.
D) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.3 TOP: Concept 1.3
MSC: Application/Analysis
11) A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which of the following
domains?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
12) Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from
A) the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and fungi.
B) the ability of plants to convert light energy to chemical energy.
C) the existence of a nearly universal genetic code.
D) the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
13) Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a
particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess
A) nonheritable traits that enhance survival and decrease their reproductive success in
the local environment.
B) nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success
in the local environment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
reproduce
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
15) Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best
explained by
A) an emergent property.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
16) Which of the following was Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to
understanding both the unity and diversity of life?
A) He documented examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.
C) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a
number of traits.
E) He suggested that survival depends upon competition.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment
B) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms
C) producing sugars by photosynthesis
D) living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through an
ecosystem from entry to exit?
A) heat chemical heat
B) light heat chemical
C) light chemical heat
D) chemical heat light
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
19) Burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Approximately what proportion of this CO2 remains in the atmosphere, contributing to the
trapping of heat close to the Earth's surface?
A) less than 1%
B) 5%
C) 50%
D) 90%
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Membrane-enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions are
A) tissues.
B) organs.
C) organelles.
D) molecules.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from
large-scale to smaller scale?
A) ecosystems biosphere communities populations organisms
B) communities populations organisms ecosystems biosphere
C) biosphere communities populations ecosystems organisms
D) biosphere ecosystems communities populations organisms
E) biosphere ecosystems populations communities organisms
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) descent with modification
D) the accuracy of the fossil record
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates that only adult fish of
this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on
your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult
fish population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
Campbell Biology in Focus, AP® Edition
Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky & Jane B. Reece
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 9
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 48
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell 80
Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 97
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 120
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 139
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 163
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle 181
Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 195
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 210
Chapter 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 227
Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 239
Chapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to Protein 256
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 278
Chapter 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 290
Chapter 17 Viruses 298
Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Evolution 308
Chapter 19 Descent with Modification 316
Chapter 20 Phylogeny 330
Chapter 21 The Evolution of Populations 348
Chapter 22 The Origin of Species 368
Chapter 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution 389
Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 402
Chapter 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 428
Chapter 26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi 446
Chapter 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity 480
Chapter 28 Plant Structure and Growth 504
Chapter 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 517
Chapter 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 540
Chapter 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 554
Chapter 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling 570
Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition 598
Chapter 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 614
Chapter 35 The Immune System 635
Chapter 36 Reproduction and Development 657
Chapter 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 683
Chapter 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 702
,Chapter 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior 726
Chapter 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 746
Chapter 41 Species Interactions 776
Chapter 42 Ecosystems and Energy 793
Chapter 43 Global Ecology and Conservation Biology 816
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
Chapter 1—Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a
A) community.
B) ecosystem.
C) family.
D) population.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of the
environment with which organisms interact is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
D) a population.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) All of the organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known as
A) a biological system.
B) a biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Which of the following types of cells lack a nucleus?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
8) Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of
inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology?
A) systems biology
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) mutualism
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Application/Analysis
9) Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are
classified as prokaryotes?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
ANS: E PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and
quantitative data. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups.
B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
C) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground.
D) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.3 TOP: Concept 1.3
MSC: Application/Analysis
11) A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which of the following
domains?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
12) Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from
A) the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and fungi.
B) the ability of plants to convert light energy to chemical energy.
C) the existence of a nearly universal genetic code.
D) the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
13) Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a
particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess
A) nonheritable traits that enhance survival and decrease their reproductive success in
the local environment.
B) nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success
in the local environment.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
reproduce
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
15) Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best
explained by
A) an emergent property.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Application/Analysis
16) Which of the following was Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to
understanding both the unity and diversity of life?
A) He documented examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.
C) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a
number of traits.
E) He suggested that survival depends upon competition.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment
B) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms
C) producing sugars by photosynthesis
D) living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through an
ecosystem from entry to exit?
A) heat chemical heat
B) light heat chemical
C) light chemical heat
D) chemical heat light
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
19) Burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Approximately what proportion of this CO2 remains in the atmosphere, contributing to the
trapping of heat close to the Earth's surface?
A) less than 1%
B) 5%
C) 50%
D) 90%
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Membrane-enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions are
A) tissues.
B) organs.
C) organelles.
D) molecules.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from
large-scale to smaller scale?
A) ecosystems biosphere communities populations organisms
B) communities populations organisms ecosystems biosphere
C) biosphere communities populations ecosystems organisms
D) biosphere ecosystems communities populations organisms
E) biosphere ecosystems populations communities organisms
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.1 TOP: Concept 1.1
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) descent with modification
D) the accuracy of the fossil record
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 1.2 TOP: Concept 1.2
MSC: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates that only adult fish of
this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on
your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult
fish population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides
