NURS 271 Final Exam (100% correct)

What is the class of phenobarbital? correct answers barbiturate what is the action of phenobarbital? correct answers Depresses CNS by inhibiting conduction of impulses in the ascending RAS -- depressing cerebral cortex and cerebellar function What is the use of phenobarbital? correct answers Sedative and antiepileptic agent in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures ORAL Controls acute seizures PARENTERAL Contraindications to phenobarbital? correct answers Liver failure Nephritis Porphyria (seaweed) Respiratory depression Pregnancy Addiction to barbiturates Adverse effects of phenobarbital? correct answers CNS depression, possibly cognitive impairment w/ sedation Somnolence Agitation Confusion Vertigo Nightmares Stevens-Johnson is most severe (hypersensitivity rxn) Respiratory problems Status epilepticus If sudden withdrawal BBW for phenobarbital? correct answers Suicidal ideation Administration guidelines for phenobarbital? correct answers Oral is given w/out regard to food Parenteral involves combining with dextrose, LR, and NS but do NOT administer if a precipitate forms during the combination ALWAYS inject into large veins at no faster than 60 mg/min Inadvertent intra-arterial injection can cause spasm of artery and gangrene Use large needle and inject deep into muscle for IM Patient teaching for phenobarbital? correct answers Take vitamin D and calcium supplements bc this drug increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D, which reduces Ca++ absorption This drug is long-term Do not stop taking abruptly Have regular tests to determine serum level Change positions slowly bc of drowsinessor syncope Use two forms of contraception Notify HCP about skin rashes or eruptions