Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Tabular And Graphical Presentations

CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONShe minimum number of variables represented in a bar chart is a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: A PTS: 1 2. The minimum number of variables represented in a histogram is a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: A PTS: 1 3. Which of the following graphical methods is most appropriate for categorical data? a. ogive b. pie chart c. histogram d. scatter diagram ANS: B PTS: 1 4. In a stem-and-leaf display, a. a single digit is used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define each leaf b. a single digit is used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to define each leaf c. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and a single digit is used to define each leaf d. one or more digits are used to define each stem, and one or more digits are used to define each leaf ANS: C PTS: 1 5. A graphical method that can be used to show both the rank order and shape of a data set simultaneously is a a. relative frequency distribution b. pie chart c. stem-and-leaf display d. pivot table ANS: C PTS: 1 6. The proper way to construct a stem-and-leaf display for the data set {62, 67, 68, 73, 73, 79, 91, 94, 95, 97} is to a. exclude a stem labeled ‘8’ b. include a stem labeled ‘8’ and enter no leaves on the stem c. include a stem labeled ‘(8)’ and enter no leaves on the stem 1 | P a g e contact: d. include a stem labeled ‘8’ and enter one leaf value of ‘0’ on the stem ANS: B PTS: 1 7. Data that provide labels or names for groupings of like items are known as a. categorical data b. quantitative data c. label data d. generic data ANS: A PTS: 1 8. A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South  1; North  2; East  3; West  4. The designated geographical regions represent a. categorical data b. quantitative data c. directional data d. either quantitative or categorical data ANS: A PTS: 1 9. Data that indicate how much or how many are know as a. categorical data b. quantitative data c. label data d. category data ANS: B PTS: 1 10. The ages of employees at a company represent a. categorical data b. quantitative data c. label data d. time series data ANS: B PTS: 1 11. A frequency distribution is a. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes b. a graphical form of representing data c. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the number of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes d. a graphical device for presenting categorical data ANS: C PTS: 1 12. The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal a. 1 b. the number of elements in a data set c. the number of classes d. a value between 0 and 1 ANS: B PTS: 1 13. In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width a. decreases b. remains unchanged c. increases d. can increase or decrease depending on the data values ANS: C PTS: 1 14. If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the widest class width will have the a. fewest classes b. most classes c. same number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the same data d. None of the other answers are correct. ANS: A PTS: 1 15. Excel's __________ can be used to construct a frequency distribution for categorical data. a. DISTRIBUTION function b. SUM function c. FREQUENCY function d. COUNTIF function ANS: D PTS: 1 16. A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several nonoverlapping classes is a a. frequency distribution. b. relative frequency distribution. c. frequency. d. cumulative frequency distribution. ANS: B PTS: 1 17. The relative frequency of a class is computed by a. dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample size. b. dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint. c. dividing the sample size by the frequency of the class. d. dividing the frequency of the class by the sample size. ANS: D PTS: 1 18. The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal a. the sample size b. the number of classes c. one d. 100 ANS: C PTS: 1 19. A tabular summary of data showing the percentage of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes is a a. frequency distribution b. relative frequency distribution c. percent frequency distribution d. cumulative percent frequency distribution 3 | P a g e ANS: C PTS: 1 20. The percent frequency of a class is computed by a. multiplying the relative frequency by 10 b. dividing the relative frequency by 100 c. multiplying the relative frequency by 100 d. adding 100 to the relative frequency ANS: C PTS: 1 21. The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal a. one b. the number of classes c. the number of items in the study d. 100 ANS: D PTS: 1 22. In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to a. one b. 100% c. the total number of elements in the data set d. None of the other answers are correct. ANS: C PTS: 1 23. In a cumulative relative frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative relative frequency equal to a. one b. zero c. 100 d. None of the other answers are correct. ANS: A PTS: 1 24. In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to a. one b. 100 c. the total number of elements in the data set d. None of the other answers are correct. ANS: B PTS: 1 25. The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the a. number of classes b. class limits c. class midpoint d. class width ANS: D PTS: 1 26. A graphical device for depicting categorical data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency distribution is a(n) a. histogram b. stem-and-leaf display c. ogive d. bar chart ANS: D PTS: 1 27. A graphical device for presenting categorical data summaries based on subdivision of a circle into sectors that correspond to the relative frequency for each class is a a. histogram b. stem-and-leaf display c. pie chart d. bar chart ANS: C PTS: 1 28. Categorical data can be graphically represented by using a(n) a. histogram b. frequency polygon c. ogive d. bar chart ANS: D PTS: 1 29. Fifteen percent of the students in a School of Business Administration are majoring in Economics, 20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical device(s) that can be used to present these data is (are) a. a line graph b. only a bar chart c. only a pie chart d. both a bar chart and a pie chart ANS: D PTS: 1 30. Methods that use simple arithmetic and easy-to-draw graphs to summarize data quickly are called a. exploratory data analysis b. relative frequency distributions c. bar charts d. pie charts ANS: A PTS: 1 31. The total number of data items with a value less than or equal to the upper limit for the class is given by the a. frequency distribution b. relative frequency distribution c. cumulative frequency distribution d. cumulative relative frequency distribution ANS: C PTS: 1 32. Excel's __________ can be used to construct a frequency distribution for quantitative data. a. COUNTIF function b. SUM function c. PivotTable Report d. AVERAGE function 5 | P a g e ANS: C PTS: 1 33. A graphical presentation of a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency distribution of quantitative data constructed by placing the class intervals on the horizontal axis and the frequencies on the vertical axis is a a. histogram b. bar chart c. stem-and-leaf display d. pie chart ANS: A PTS: 1 34. A common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a a. histogram b. bar chart c. relative frequency d. pie chart ANS: A PTS: 1 35. When using Excel to create a __________ one must edit the chart to remove the gaps between rectangles. a. scatter diagram b. bar chart c. histogram d. pie chart ANS: C PTS: 1 36. A __________ can be used to graphically present quantitative data. a. histogram b. pie chart c. stem-and-leaf display d. both a histogram and a stem-and-leaf display are correct ANS: D PTS: 1 37. A(n) __________ is a graph of a cumulative distribution. a. histogram b. pie chart c. stem-and-leaf display d. ogive ANS: D PTS: 1 38. Excel's Chart Tools can be used to construct a a. bar chart b. pie chart c. histogram d. All of these can be constructed using Excel's Chart Tools. ANS: D PTS: 1 39. To construct a bar chart using Excel's Chart Tools, choose __________ as the chart type. a. column b. pie c. scatter d. line ANS: A PTS: 1 40. To construct a pie chart using Excel's Chart Tools, choose __________ as the chart type. a. column b. pie c. scatter d. line ANS: B PTS: 1 41. To construct a histogram using Excel's Chart Tools, choose __________ as the chart type. a. column b. pie c. scatter d. line ANS: A PTS: 1 42. Excel's Chart Tools does not have a chart type for constructing a a. bar chart b. pie chart c. histogram d. stem-and-leaf display ANS: D PTS: 1 43. A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called a. simultaneous equations b. a crosstabulation c. a histogram d. a dot plot ANS: B PTS: 1 44. Excel's __________ can be used to construct a crosstabulation. a. Chart Tools b. SUM function c. PivotTable Report d. COUNTIF function ANS: C PTS: 1 45. In a crosstabulation a. both variables must be categorical b. both variables must be quantitative c. one variable must be categorical and the other must be quantitative d. either or both variables can be categorical or quantitative ANS: D PTS: 1 46. A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is a. a pie chart b. a histogram 7 | P a g e c. a crosstabulation d. a scatter diagram ANS: D PTS: 1 47. Excel's __________ can be used to construct a scatter diagram. a. Chart Tools b. SUM function c. CROSSTAB function d. RAND function ANS: A PTS: 1 48. When the conclusions based upon the aggregated crosstabulation can be completely reversed if we look at the unaggregated data, the occurrence is known as a. reverse correlation b. inferential statistics c. Simpson's paradox d. disaggregation ANS: C PTS: 1 49. Before drawing any conclusions about the relationship between two variables shown in a crosstabulation, you should a. investigate whether any hidden variables could affect the conclusions b. construct a scatter diagram and find the trendline c. develop a relative frequency distribution d. construct an ogive for each of the variables ANS: A PTS: 1 50. A histogram is not appropriate for displaying which of the following types of information? a. frequency b. relative frequency c. cumulative frequency d. percent frequency ANS: C PTS: 1 51. For stem-and-leaf displays where the leaf unit is not stated, the leaf unit is assumed to equal a. 0 b. .1 c. 1 d. 10 ANS: C PTS: 1 52. Which of the following graphical methods is not intended for quantitative data? a. ogive b. dot plot c. scatter diagram d. pie chart ANS: D PTS: 1 53. Which of the following is least useful in studying the relationship between two variables? a. trendline b. stem-and-leaf display c. crosstabulation d. scatter diagram ANS: B PTS: 1 54. The sum of the relative frequencies in any relative frequency distribution always equals a. the number of observations b. 1.00 c. 100 d. the number of variables ANS: B PTS: 1 55. The sum of the frequencies in any frequency distribution always equals a. the number of observations b. 1.00 c. 100 d. the number of variables ANS: A PTS: 1 Exhibit 2-1 The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below. Number of hours Frequency 0  9 20 10  19 80 20  29 200 30  39 100 56. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The class width for this distribution a. is 9 b. is 10 c. is 39, which is: the largest value minus the smallest value or 39  0  39 d. varies from class to class ANS: B PTS: 1 57. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The midpoint of the last class is a. 50 b. 34 c. 35 d. 34.5 ANS: D PTS: 1 58. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The number of students working 19 hours or less a. is 80 b. is 100 c. is 180 d. is 300 9 | P a g e ANS: B PTS: 1 59. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The relative frequency of students working 9 hours or less a. is 20 b. is 100 c. is 0.95 d. 0.05 ANS: D PTS: 1 60. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the class of 20  29 a. is 300 b. is 0.25 c. is 0.75 d. is 0.5 ANS: C PTS: 1 61. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students working 10  19 hours is a. 20% b. 25% c. 75% d. 80% ANS: A PTS: 1 62. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students working 19 hours or less is a. 20% b. 25% c. 75% d. 80% ANS: B PTS: 1 63. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative percent frequency for the class of 30  39 is a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% ANS: A PTS: 1 64. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative frequency for the class of 20  29 a. is 200 b. is 300 c. is 0.75 d. is 0.50 ANS: B PTS: 1 65. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. If a cumulative frequency distribution is developed for the above data, the last class will have a cumulative frequency of a. 100 b. 1 c. 30  39 d. 400 ANS: D PTS: 1 66. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students who work at least 10 hours per week is a. 50% b. 5% c. 95% d. 100% ANS: C PTS: 1 Exhibit 2-2 Information on the type of industry is provided for a sample of 50 Fortune 500 companies. Industry Type Frequency Banking 7 Consumer Products 15 Electronics 10 Retail 18 67. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The number of industries that are classified as retail is a. 32 b. 18 c. 0.36 d. 36% ANS: B PTS: 1 68. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The relative frequency of industries that are classified as banking is a. 7 b. 0.07 c. 0.70 d. 0.14 ANS: D PTS: 1 69. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. The percent frequency of industries that are classified as electronics is a. 10 b. 20 c. 0.10 d. 0.20 ANS: B PTS: 1 Exhibit 2-3 The number of sick days taken (per month) by 200 factory workers is summarized below. Number of Days Frequency 0  5 120 6  10 65 11  15 14 16  20 1 70. Refer to Exhibit 2-3. The class width for this distribution