TEST BANK
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
David L. Nelson & Michael M. Cox
7th Edition of Contents
Chapter 1 - The Foundations of Biochemistry 2
Chapter 2 - Water 35
Chapter 3 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 66
Chapter 4 - The Three - Dimensional Structure of Proteins 108
Chapter 5 - Protein Function 142
Chapter 6 - Enzymes 173
Chapter 7 - Carbohydrates and Glycobiology 209
Chapter 8 - Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 244
Chapter 9 - DNA - Based Information Technologies 275
Chapter 10 - Lipids 307
Chapter 11 - Biological Membranes and Transport 336
Chapter 12 - Biosignaling 368
Chapter 13 - Principles of Bioenergetics 396
Chapter 14 - Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis 429
Chapter 15 - Principles of Metabolic Regulation 464
Chapter 16 - The Citric Acid Cycle 495
Chapter 17 - Fatty Acid Catabolism 527
Chapter 18 - Amino Acid Oxidation 558
Chapter 19 - Oxidative Phosphorylation 586
Chapter 20 - Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants 618
Chapter 21 - Lipid Biosynthesis 646
Chapter 22 - Biosynthesis of Amino Acids 675
Chapter 23 - Integration and Hormonal Regulation 704
Chapter 24 - Genes and Chromosomes 734
Chapter 25 - DNA Metabolism 762
Chapter 26 - RNA Metabolism 791
Chapter 27 - Protein Metabolism 822
Chapter 28 - Regulation of Gene Expression 854 Chapter 1 - The Foundations of Biochemistry 1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the: A) cell envelope. B) cell membrane. C) nucleoid. D) nucleus. E) ribosomes. 2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukary otes from prokaryotes was the development of: A) DNA. B) photosynthetic capability. C) plasma membranes. D) ribosomes. E) the nucleus. 3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A) cell membrane. B) nuclear envelope. C) nucleolus. D) nucleoplasm. E) nucleosome. 4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upp er end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of: A) 0.1 m to 10 m. B) 0.3 m to 30 m. C) 0.3 m to 100 m. D) 1 m to 100 m. E) 1 m to 300 m. 5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has man y members found growing in extreme environments? A) bacteria B) archaea C) eukaryotes D) heterotrophs E) None of the answers is correct. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
1 | P a g e 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and e nergy—it is therefore a: A) chemoautotroph. B) chemoheterotroph. C) lithotroph. D) photoautotroph. E) photoheterotroph. 7. Which is a list of organelles? A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes E) All of the answers are correct. 8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size? A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid 9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules i s formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a noncovalent interaction? A) carbon -carbon bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) hydrophobic interactions D) ionic interactions E) van der Waals interactions 10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant i n living organisms? A) carbon B) hydrogen C) nitrogen D) oxygen E) phosphorus ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
2 | P a g e 11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH 4) are arranged around carbon to give which geometry? A) linear B) tetrahedral C) trigonal bipyramidal D) trigonal planar E) trigonal pyramidal 12. What functional groups are present on this molecule ? A) ether and aldehyde B) hydroxyl and aldehyde C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid D) hydroxyl and ester E) hydroxyl and ketone 13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and tr ansmission of genetic information are: A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) membranes. D) nucleic acids. E) proteins. 14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror ima ges of each other are known as: A) anomers. B) cis-trans isomers. C) diastereoisomers. D) enantiomers. E) geometric isomers. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
3 | P a g e 15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell i s the: A) metabolome. B) proteasome. C) lysosome. D) proteome. E) genome. 16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotro phs, c) photoautotrophs, and d) photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORR ECTLY finishes the statement: Carnivores are _____ and herbivores are _____. A) b; c B) b; d C) b; b D) a; b E) a; a 17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydrat ion of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of: A) biological activity. B) chiral activity. C) racemization. D) stereoisomerization. E) stereospecificity. 18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglob in by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n): A) dynamic steady state. B) equilibrium state. C) exergonic change. D) free-energy change. E) waste of energy. 19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a c hemical reaction, the reaction is said to be: A) at equilibrium. B) endergonic. C) endothermic. D) exergonic. E) exothermic. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
4 | P a g e 20. If the free energy change G for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is: A) at equilibrium. B) endergonic. C) endothermic. D) exergonic. E) exothermic. 21. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells i s: A) acetyl triphosphate. B) adenosine monophosphate. C) adenosine triphosphate. D) cytosine tetraphosphate. E) uridine diphosphate. 22. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the r ate of a reaction by: A) decreasing the activation energy. B) decreasing the amount of free energy released. C) increasing the activation energy. D) increasing the amount of free energy released. E) increasing the energy of the transition state. 23. Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield comp lex molecules from simpler precursors are: A) amphibolic. B) anabolic. C) autotrophic. D) catabolic. E) heterotrophic. 24. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in: A) deoxyribonucleic acid. B) membrane structures. C) nuclei. D) polysaccharides. E) ribonucleic acid. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
5 | P a g e 25. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing a nd replacing some of the nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence? A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutati ons occur. B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides. C) The new nucleotides base pair accurately with those on the complementary strand. D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotid e and brings in an identical one to replace it. E) The three -dimensional structure determines the order of nucle otides. 26. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is det ermined primarily by: A) electrostatic guidance from nucleic acid structure. B) how many amino acids are in the protein. C) hydrophobic interaction with lipids that provide a folding framework. D) modification during interactions with ribosomes. E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein. 27. According to Oparin's theory for the origin of life , the prebiotic atmosphere: A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules. B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of tod ay. C) contained many amino acids. D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water. E) was rich in oxygen. 28. When two genes in an organism share detectable sequ ence similarity, those genes or their gene products, are said to be: A) homologues. B) orthologues. C) paralogues. D) both homologues and orthologues. E) both homologues and paralogues. F) both orthologues and paralogues. 29. Which statement is NOT a distinguishing feature of living organisms? A) There exists a high degree of organizational comple xity. B) The structure of components influences their functi on. C) Organisms can reproduce themselves. D) Organisms do not need to interact with their enviro nment. E) Organisms change over time. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
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