Davita PCT exam |100% correct answers 2022

Number 1 & 2 cause of (CKD) chronic kidney diease - Correct answer-1- diabetes 2- hypertension In (AKI) acute kidney injury it is better to keep patients? - Correct answer-too wet, rather than too dry with fluid removal goals 3 sub-groups of ckd? - Correct answer-1-pre-renal-interferes w/ BF to the kidneys, causes-injuries/renal artery clot 2-intra-renal-damages nephron directly, causes-diabetes/hypertension/PKD 3-post-renal-any condition interfering w/ urine leaving the bladder, causes-kidney stones/enlarged prostate Acceptable conductivity range of dialysate? - Correct answer-13-15.5ms +/- 0.4 Acceptable PH range of bicarb? - Correct answer-6.9-7.6 PH Hemodialysis (HD) replaces approximately how much of normal kidney function? - Correct answer-15% In patients w/ kidney failure, what is recommended to use if they are having issues w/ their skin, such as dryness? - Correct answer-hyper fatted/super fatted soaps and lotions There is no specific tx for a patient w/ peripheral neuropathy, but it is recommended that a patient should? - Correct answer-not walk barefoot check feet for cuts test bath water to ensure it is not too hot Filtration - Correct answer-fluid passing through a semi-permeable membrane, controlled by hydrostatic pressure EX. coffee filter Ultrafiltration (UF) - Correct answer-controlled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure Convection - Correct answer-solutes dragged across the semi-permeable membrane along w/ the fluid Diffusion - Correct answer-the process by which particles (solutes) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration normal acid-base balance of the body? - Correct answer-7.35-7.45 PH How do kidneys control blood pressure? - Correct answer-renin-angiotensin system Erythropoiesis - Correct answer-function of the kidneys that control the production of red blood cells 3 functions of normal working kidneys? - Correct answer-1-endocrine systema. renin-angiotensin-BP regulation b. erythropoiesis-RBC production, activation of vitamin D3 & serum Ca regulation 2-acid concentration- maintain normal body PH, excreting acids & reabsorbing bicarbonates 3-excretory functions- waste removal, acid-base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance Anemia medications? - Correct answer-epogen IV iron 2 most common causes of death for a dialysis patient? - Correct answer-1-heart attack 2-infection Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) are mainly routed by? - Correct answer-contact transmission of infection hands/surfaces Most common infectious complications among HD patients? - Correct answer-vascular access infections How long can MRSA bacteria remain on a surface? - Correct answer-for days, especially on plastic/vinyl Breakdown product of chlorine that causes hemolysis? - Correct answer-chloramines Hemolysis - Correct answer-the rupture or destruction of red blood cells blood is visibly cherry red kool-aid colored Chlorine + Chloramines = - Correct answer-hemolysis What does the water softener remove? - Correct answer-calcium and magnesium How often is carbon filter monitoring done? CM130 - Correct answer-takes chlorine samples every 5 minutes When do you test the carbon filter monitoring? - Correct answer-Prior to the first tx of the day, then within every 4 hours *RO must run 15 min. prior to testing What are the limits for carbon filter monitoring? - Correct answer-0.1mg/L or less What does reverse osmosis (RO) remove? - Correct answer-organic/inorganic contaminants bacteria/endotoxins Primary device used for water purification in dialysis? - Correct answer-Reverse Osmosis 3 responses to final water quality alarm? - Correct answer-1-put all machines in bypass mode 2-notify RN, FA, Biomed 3-if water quality cannot be restored, terminate all treatments D.A.R.N. - Correct answer-Desire Ability Reasons Need W.E. C.A.R.E - Correct answer-Welcome Empathize Connect Actively listen Respect Encourage Fever-when to notify RN - Correct answer-a rise in the temperature of the body greater than 100 degrees F or an increase over baseline of 2 degrees F w/ symptoms Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) - Correct answer-rare but life threatening complication during initial stage of hemodialysis prevention-slowing rate of HD. HD can lead to excess fluid in brain, cerebral edema signs/symptoms-headache, restlessness, seizure How a patient is to be positioned if they have an air embolism? - Correct answer-left side Trendelenburg NFACT - Correct answer-New fistula assessment and cannulation team NFACT defines an intermediate cannulator as? - Correct answer-at least 6 months of AVF cannulation experience & at least 10 successful cannulations on established fistulas When cannulating, the tips of the needles should be at least - Correct answer-1.5" or the width of 2 fingers apart Kt/V - Correct answer-K= clearance T= time V= volume Kt/V goal - Correct answer-equal to 1.2 or higher Factors in Kt/V that influence V (volume)? - Correct answer-height weight sex amputations needle gauge suggested BFR Factors in Kt/V that influence T (time)? - Correct answer-longer blood/dialysate contact time more frequent tx extra tx TX factors that decrease K (volume)? - Correct answer-DFR UF goal BVP adequate anti-coagulation How do you estimate the blood volume removed (BVR)? - Correct answer-BFR x minutes dialyzed=estimated BVR What is the wait time for heparin bolus prior to starting tx? - Correct answer-3-5 minutes 17g needle - Correct answer-200-250 BFR 16g needle - Correct answer-250-350 BFR 15g needle - Correct answer-350-450 BFR 14g needle - Correct answer-450 BFR Procedure for post BUN lab draw (green top tube) - Correct answer-UF decreased to 50ml place in bypass decrease BFR to 100 ml/pm draw from arterial line Accidentally diluting the pre-treatment BUN lab draw w/ saline would cause the Kt/V reading to be? - Correct answer-falsely too low