CHEM 104 Final Exam A&P 4

CHEM 104 Final Exam A&P 4 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) will affect the permeability of water in which of the following structures? -PCT 2. Missing 3. The X chromosome is considered . - A sex chromosome 4. Which of the following in the primary function of the microvilli of the small intestine? -Absorption 5. Sodium levels in blood are controlled by . -Aldosterone 6. Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide, and excretion by the kidneys are all . - ways of controlling hydrogen levels in the body 7. Compression of the interior vena cava by the increasing weight and mass of the fetus/uterus during the last trimester of pregnancy can lead to . - edema in the lower luba? 8. Which of the following vitamins plays a role in erythropoiesis? -Vitamin B12 9. Which of the following digestive accessory organs produces a fluid that functions in emulsifying dietary fats? -Gallbladder 10. Sperm production occurs in the . - Seminiferous tubles 11. Which of the following acids in reducing acids levels in the blood? - excretion of bicarbonate by the kidneys 12. This is the structure of the nephron that fibers blood? - Glomerulus 13. The small paired structures at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating fluid are known as the - Bulbourethral glands 14. The metabolic reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the . -inner mitochondrial membrane 15. The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which development stage? - zygote 16. Which component of the nephron reabsorbs the most water? -proximal convoluted tubles 17. The role of the pituitary hormone Luteinizing hormone (LH) in males is to . -stimulate the intestinal cells to produce testosterones. 18. The structure that transport the ovum to the uterus is known as the . - Uterine tubes 19. The layer of the uterus that makes up the majority of the uterine mass is known as the . - myometrium 20. Which hormone dominates the absorptive state of digestion? - insulin 21. Successful fertilization of the secondary oocyte usually occurs . -in the uterine tube 22. What is the range of normal blood pH? -7.34-7.45 23. What structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substance? -PCT 24. Where in the body is the majority of fluid found? -in the intercellular fluid 25. Which of the following hormones increases the flexibility of the symphysis pubis and relaxes other pelvic ligaments at the conclusion of pregnancy? -Relaxin 26. Which of the following types of twins results from two eggs developing in the uterus at the same time, each of which is fertilized by its own sperm? -Fraternal twins 27. The principle hormone that facilitates milk ejection into the mammary ducts in . -Oxytocin 28. Which of the following would be a proper compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis? -Hypoverilition 29. The first stage of labor is the . -Dilation 30. Which of the following separates the intracellular fluid from the intertensistial fluid? -the plasma membrane 31. Which of the following vitamins must be bound to intrinsic factor in order to the absorbed by the small intestines? -Vitamin B12 32. Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are known as . -autosomes 33. Which of the following does NOT induce the thirst response? -Decrease in salivation 34. The exocrine component of the pancreas releases enzymes via the pancreatic duct into the . -duodenum 35. Color blindness is one of the most common sex-linked recessive disorders. If a color- blind man marries a woman who is a carrier for color-blindness, what percentage of their daughters, if they had any, can be expected to be color blind? -50% 36. If a person that is heterozygous for Huntington’s disease (autosomal, dominate disorder) marries a person that does NOT have the Huntington’s gene, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to develop Huntington’s disease? -50% 37. Which of the following in a normal product excreted by the kidneys -Urea 38. Increased urinary secretion of hydrogen ions form the renal tubles into the filtrate would result in a(n) of blood -Decreases; pH 39. The most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid in - k+ 40. Which of the following is associated with hormonal regulation of GFR? -Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) 41. Which of the following is the correct order to filtrate flow in the renal tubules? -Glomerular capsule, PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct 42. An abnormal increase or accumulation in systemic arterial blood CO2 levels (or hypercarbia) will lead to -Respiratory acidosis 43. Mycoplasma spp. And E. coli are examples of which type of abnormal substance that can be found in urine? -Microbes 44. If one parent is heterozygous for type A blood and one parent in heterozygous for type II blood, which of the following is a possible blood type for their offspring. -All of the above are correct 45. What is the normal volume of urine produces in a normal, healthy adult? -2 liters per day 46. Johnny wanted to celebrate the successful end of his anatomy classes by having a few cocktails with his friends. While drinking he ponders about all that he has learned in A&P 4 and decided to apply his knowledge. Looking at all of the alcohol he drank, he comes to the conclusion that the consumption of alcohol his secretion of ADH, which in turn, lead to a(n) in dilute urine production -Increases; increases 47. Identify the yolk sac -A 48. The function of the epididymis is -sperm maturation 49. Which of the following describes the function of the hormone, inhibin? -suppresses FSH production by the anterior pituitary 50. Which of the following structures of the nephron are associated with countercurrent multiplication? -loop of henle 51. Identify the population of cells indicated by “B” -embryoblast 52. Which cells of the mall reproductive system secrete testosterone? -spermatogenic cells 53. Which of the following is NOT a function of the saliva? -begin protein digestion 54. Which of the following if the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid? -Na+ 55. Which digestive cells/organ/gland secretes glucagon? -Alphas cells of Langerhans in pancreas 56. Which of the following structures of the nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood? -Glomerulus 57. Which of the following segments of the nephron contains active transport mechanism for the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-? -ascending limb of the loop of Henle 58. A vasectomy is the removal of -a portion of the vas defense 59. Following ovulation, the corpus lutem secrete -progesterone 60. Which of the following hormones triggers ovulation? -LH 61. Which of the following is a function of electrolytes in the body? -serving as cofactors -carrying electrical current -maintaining acid-base balance -controlling chemosis between fluid compartments 62. The male and female reproductive systems -stores and transports gametes -nourishes gametes -Produces gametes 63. Semen contains -sperm -citric acid -fructose -prostaglandins 64. Water reaborsbtion occurs in which of the following segments of the nephron? -proximal convoluted tubule -Distal convoluted tubule 65. 65. -Urinary Bladder 66. -Clitoris 67. -Fimbriae 68. 68. -Ascending Colon 69. -Ureter 70. -Glomerulus 71. 71. -Distal Convoluted Tubule 72. -Prostate 73. -Epididymis 74. -Seminal Vesicle 75. 75. -Renal Calyx 76. -Renal Medulla 77. -Suspensory Ligament 78. 78. -hCG 79. -LH 80. -Glomerulus 81. SHORT ANSWER Hemophilia A, also called factor VIII deficiency, is a sex-linked, recessive genetic disease. The defective gene is carries on the X-chromosome. Suppose a male with hemophilia A (xaY) marries a woman that is heterozygous (XAXa – one normal, one defective gene) for hemophilia A. The upper case ‘A’ represents the normal gene whereas the lower case ‘a’ represents the defective gene. Create a Punnett square for this couple. Then explain what the probability of (a) a son is being born with hemophilia A and (b) a daughter being born with hemophilia A. 82. SHORT ANSWER Choose ONE of the following questions and answer below. Only answer ONE question – if your answer multiple questions, instructor will grade the first question that is answered. A. Compare and contrast the process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis – how are they similar and how are they different? B. Identify and describe at least FOUR homologous structures in males and females. Be sure to explain their functions and how they are similar C. Identify and describe the hormone involved in the female ovarian cycle. D. Describe in 1 to 2 sentences per hormone, the functions and effects of at least FOUR key hormones that influence renal function. E. Explain the differences and similarities between respiratory and metabolic acidosis. 83. SHORT ANSWER Jack’s parents both have achondroplasia (an autosomal dominate disorder) as well as his 2 siblings. Jack does not have the condition, yet his fiancé’s parents are advising their daughter to not marry and have children with Jack because they heard that achondroplasia (dwarfism) runs in families and they are concerned that their grandchildren would be born with this genetic disease. Note that Jack’s fiancé is normal height. How could you allay the fears of Jack’s fiancé ad ‘future’ in-laws about the possible condition? Explain to the using a Punnett square analysis of the likelihood of him having the achondroplasia gene and passing it onto their children. (D = achondroplasia gene, d = normal gene) Be sure to include the following: *A Punnett Square analysis showing Jack’s family (Punnett square with his parents in the margins with relative position of Jack and his siblings in the cells. *A Punnett square analysis showing Jack and his fiancé potential offspring.