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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 3 groei en ontwikkeling

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samenvatting van 3e hoofdstuk groei en ontwikkeling van Hans

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Hoofdstuk 3: ontwikkeling van het botweefsel/skelet


 Botcellen
o botweefsel => skelet (98% v. gestalte)
o skelet= botweefsel + kraakbeen + ligamenten/peesaanhechting + bloedvaten + vet +
water:
o skelet (% van lichaamsgewicht):
 geboorte: 15
 volwassen (< 50 jaar): 16-17%
 volwassen (> 50 jaar): 13-14% (de-mineralisatie)


Concentrische lagen

Systeem van Haver




o Harde structuur:
botmatrix
 Organisch: collageen
 Anorganisch: mineraalkristallen (hydroxyapatite), Ca²+ (calciumionen) en Ph
(phosphorus)
o gebonden door een soort cement



o Osteocyten: mature botcel (omringd door bot) reguleren van mineralen en
voedingsstoffen transport tussen matrix en bloedvaten
o Osteoblasten: botvormende cellen: - oppervlaktelaag van het bot - produceren
collageen en ‘cement’-stof, waarna ze ‘ingesloten’ osteocyte wordt.
o Osteoclasten: botafbrekende cellen: functie: (botresorptie) - botmatrix wordt
afgebroken en mineralen vrijgezet in circulatie !botgroei/vormbehoud. - enzyme en
zuurproductie in functie van afbraak




o Osteocyten - Osteoblasten – Osteoclasten:
 celvarianten (= cel) - transformatie

,  osteoclast - osteoblast => osteocy



we zien een groep met lage en hoge botdensiteit.

snelle stijging tot 35-40jaar, daarna een daling. Waarbij meisjes sneller dalen dan jongens.


Osteopenie (-1 tot-2.5 SD jong volwassen)

Osteoporose (-2.5 SD jong volwassen)




 Botvorming
o intramembraneus – endochondriaal
 Prenataal - kraakbeen in ‘botvorm’ omgeven door perichondrium
 a => d prenataal (primaire ossificatiekern => diafyse)
 e => g postnataal (sec. ossificatiekern (epifyse-) - epi & diafyse groeien aan elkaar
= groeistop)



hypertrofie kraakbeen cellen ontstaan (=groeien van de cel)




Osteoblasten gaan bone matrix bouwen




Geleidelijk aan komt de marrow cavity (= merg)

trabecula komt erbij

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