National Board Certification Exam 100% correct

National Board Certification Exam 100% correct Onset The portion of a spoken word or syllable that precedes the first vowel. Rime The vowel and what comes after it in a spoken word or syllable. Phoneme The smallest unit of sound which distinguishes between the meanings of words. Can VS. Cane both have 3 phonemes but long and short a change meaning. Phonology The study of the unconscious rules governing the production of speech sounds. Phonetics The study of the way in which speech sounds are articulated (I.e. What parts of the mouth are used in what way to produce particular sounds). Phonics The system by which the sounds in spoken language are represented by the letters (or other symbols) in printed language. Phonological Awareness The ability to reflect on and manipulate the components sounds of spoken words (e.g., syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes). Phonemic Awareness A particular type of phonological awareness: the ability to reflect on and manipulate the phonemes in spoken words. Phonemic awareness is the most important type of phonological awareness relative to reading and writing. Continuation Sounds The sound can be articulated over a protracted period of time without distortion. /sssss/, /rrrrrrr/, /ffffff/. Stop-Consonant Sounds Sounds that cannot be stretched without distortion because their production requires that the airflow be briefly stopped during articulation. b, d, g, and t. Coarticulation Sounds blended together. There is no clear point of demarcation between one sound to the next. Articulators The parts of the mouth that move in order to produce the intended sounds. Purpose of print To communicate Conventions of print Read from left to right, and top to bottom. Alphabetic Principle The letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words. Alphabetic Code The reversible relationship between the discrete sounds we can identify in speech and the letters or letter groups which are code for the sounds. Larger Orthographic Units Prefixes, suffixes, and phonograms. Phonograms A letter or combination of letters that represent a sound. Supported Reading Heavier emphasis on on explicit and systematic instruction related to the alphabetic code. New decoding elements are taught and practiced in preparation for reading a book in which words that include that deciding element will be encountered. Guided Reading The decoding skills that are taught are drawn from the text, based on the challenges the the children will encounter while reading, and become the focus of instruction after the children have read the text. Digraph Two letters together represent one sound. Th, sh, ch, wh, ck, ph, gh. Teach more frequent first and only one on a given day. Each letter does not make most common sound. Consonant Blends The sounds of two or three consonants are blended together, but the individual sounds of each of the consonants are still fairly discernible (cl, cr, bl, br, for, scr, sm).