Biochemistry Final Exam with all correct answers

What is a monosaccharide? The most basic units of carbohydrates. Made of 1 aldehyde and 1 ketone. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose) and galactose Nature uses the D or L form of carbohydrates D The two kinds of monosaccharides are Aldoses, Ketoses The bonds between carbohydrate monomers are called Glycosidic Starches are polymers made exclusively from Glucose The difference between amylose and amylopectin are The structure (branched vs linear) Dietary fiber is Complex Carbohydrates Cellulose Divided into soluble and insoluble In the 2-compartment model for water in the body, water partitions into Intracellular and extracellular In the 3 compartment model for water in the body, the__________ compartment is further divided into interstitial and plasma compartments extracellular Fluid in the blood is classified specifically as _________ fluid extracellular In an ideally balanced human system water inputs would equal Water outputs An electrolyte is a) sugar b. fat c. charged molecule d water charged molecule ______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in extracellular fluid Sodium The hormone aldosterone regulates the concentrations of _______ and ________ in the body. Potassium ions and sodium ions _______ is the most common extracelluar cation, while _________ is the most abundant intracellular cation. Sodium, potassium