NBME CBSE with complete solution
NBME CBSE with complete solution 1. Bulbus cordis: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles 2. endocardial cushions: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves neural crest 3. left horn of the sinus venosus: coronary sinus 4. posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins: IVC 5. Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein: SVC 6. Right horn of sinus venosus: Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum) 7. Patent foramen ovale: failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth 8. Transposition of the great vessels Tetralogy of Fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus: Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate 9. ductus venosus: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypass- ing the liver becomes ligamentum venosum 10. phrenic nerve: innervates the diaphragm and pericardium 11. S3 heart sound: Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgita- tion, HF), common in dilated ventricles normal in kids and pregnant women 12. S4 heart sound: atrial kick late diastole, right before S1 best heard at apex in LLD position High atrial pressure. Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) Always abnormal 13. atria contract: a wave of JVP 14. c wave: RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP 15. x descent: JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge 16. V wave: JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed tricuspid
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- November 29, 2022
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- 2022/2023
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