BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Portage Learning Module 1 Exam Questions and Answers

BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Portage Learning Module 1 Exam Questions and Answers True/False. A virus is classified as a microbe. True Although viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms, they can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses. False True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule. True False The smallest biological unit of life is the cell. What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells? Your Answer: Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins? Your Answer: 20 20 How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids? Your Answer: 9 9 Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell, and what are their roles? Your Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has the hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritied characteristics in all organisms. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is responsible for deciphering the inheritied information and using it to synthesize protein. DNA is found in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast. RNA is found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. While both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus (center of the cell), only RNA is capable of leaving the nucleus. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins. Complete the following RNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary pair: 3’ GGUCAUCG 5’ 5’ CC AGC 3’ Your Answer: 3' GGUCAUCG 5' 5' CCAGUAGC 3' adesine and uracil form 2 bonds guanine and cytosine form 3 bonds 3’ GGUCAUCG 5’ 5’ CCAGUAGC 3’ There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C. The plasma membrane (select all that are true): Only restricts movement of materials into the cell Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms come together to form what primary macromolecule? Give an example. Your Answer: Caarbohydrates, Glucose Carbohydrates. Any sugar is acceptable: Glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, etc. Also options: Starch, glycogen, cellulose, or chitin True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-enclosed region. True False Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus. Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies. Your Answer: Coccus- round/spherical Bacillus- rod Vibrio-curved rod Spirillum- spiral/corkscrew Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew). True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions. True Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions. False Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of organism? Bacteria Eukarya Only Eukarya contains animals, plants, fungi and protists. Archaea Virus Microorganisms classified as obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into chemical energy. Your Answer: Plantae Plantae Question 15 5 / 5 pts A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following also contain chitin? Select all that apply. Mushrooms Bacteria Yeast Molds True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers. True False The function of the lysosome is (select all that apply): Lipid synthesis Protein synthesis To produce energy (ATP) Protein modification and distribution Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles capable of degrading unwanted cellular debris Identify the following cellular components by matching the number with the description. A. Cell wall B. Lysosome C. Centriole D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum E. Plasma membrane F. Nucleus G. Golgi apparatus 1 2 3 4 5 Other Incorrect Match Options: • A • C Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply): Plants Fungi Bacteria Mammalian cells Algae The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply): Lipid synthesis To produce energy (ATP) Mitochondria are considered the power plant of the cell, as it produces ATP. Protein modification and distribution Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic. True False They are heterotropic.