Critical Thinking and Logic - C168 Questions and Answers with complete solutions

What is critical thinking? Correct Answer- An intellectual model for understanding issues and forming reasonable and informed views on them. Involves analyzing, evaluating, and improving one's own thinking Thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions Correct Answer- 1. Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts. 2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while recognizing its strengths. 3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better. What are two barriers native to everyone? Correct Answer- egocentrism & sociocentrism What is egocentrism? Correct Answer- The tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself An innate human trait Rigidity of thought What is sociocentrism? Correct Answer- The assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all othersWhat is first-order thinking? Correct Answer- Ordinary Thinking 1. Spontaneous and non-reflective 2. Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning 3. Indiscriminately combined What is second-order thinking? Correct Answer- Critical Thinking First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed) What is weak-sense critical thinking? Correct Answer- Thinkers ignore the flaws in their own thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery and deceit What is strong-sense critical thinking? Correct Answer- Thinkers strive to be ethical and empathize with others' viewpoints. They will entertain arguments with which they do not agree and change their views when confronted with superior reasoning What are the defining traits of critical thinkers? Correct Answer- 1. Intellectual Humility 2. Intellectual Courage 3. intellectual Empathy 4. Intellectual Integrity 5. Intellectual Perseverance 6. Confidence in Reasoning 7. Intellectual Autonomy Characterization of Intellectual Humility Correct Answer- Aware of the limitations of one's viewpoint