ATI Med-Surg: Chapter 60: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Kidney - The kidneys regulate fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte balance while also eliminating wastes from the body. ● Kidney failure may be diagnosed as acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney injury can result in chronic kidney disease without aggressive treatment, or when complicating preexisting conditions exist. Acute kidney injury (AKI) - Sudden cessation of renal function that occurs when blood flow to the kidneys is significantly compromised. Clinical manifestations occur abruptly with AKI. AKI is comprised of four phases: - ■ Onset - Begins with the onset of the event, ends when oliguria develops, and lasts for hours to days. ■ Oliguria - Begins with the kidney insult, urine output is 100 to 400 mL/24 hr with or without diuretics, and lasts for 1 to 3 weeks. ■ Diuresis - Begins when the kidneys start to recover, diuresis of a large amount of fluid occurs, and can last for 2 to 6 weeks.
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